Abstract
The diffusion-limited binding kinetics of antigen (or antibody) in solution to antibody (or antigen) immobilized on a biosensor surface is analyzed within a fractal framework. The fit obtained by a dual-fractal analysis is compared with that obtained from a single-fractal analysis. In some cases, the dual-fractal analysis provides an improved fit when compared with a single-fractal analysis. This was indicated by the regression analysis provided by Sigmaplot (San Rafael, CA). These examples are presented. It is of interest to note that the state of disorder (or the fractal dimension) and the binding rate coefficient both increase (or decrease, a single example is presented for this case) as the reaction progresses on the biosensor surface. For example, for the binding of monoclonal antibody MAb 49 in solution to surface-immobilized antigen, a 90.4% increase in the fractal dimension (Df1 toD f2 ) from 1.327 to 2.527 leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient (k1 to k2) by a factor of 9.4 from 11.74 to 110.3. The different examples analyzed and presented together provide a means by which the antigen-antibody reactions may be better controlled by noting the magnitude of the changes in the fractal dimension and in the binding rate coefficient as the reaction progresses on the biosensor surface.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pisarchick, M. L., Gesty, D. and Thompson, N. L. (1992),Biophys. J. 63, 215–223.
McLean, M. A., Stayton, P. S., and Sligar, S. G. (1993),Anal. Chem. 65, 2676–2678.
Maxia, L., Radicchi, G., Pepe, I. M., and Nicolini, C. (1995),Biophys. J. 69, 1440–1446.
Dubrovsky, T., Tronin, A., Dubrovskaya, S., Vakula, S., and Nicolini, C. (1995),Sensors Actuators B23, 1–7.
Bluestein, B.I., Craig, M., Slovacek, R., Stundtner, L., Uricouli, C., Walziak, I., Luderer, A. (1991), inBiosensors With Fiberoptics, Wise, D. and Wingard, Jr., L.B., eds., Humana, Clifton, NJ, pp. 181–223.
Eddowes, E. (1987/1988),Biosensors 3, 1–15.
Giaver, I. (1976),J. Immunol. 116, 766–771.
Stenberg, M., Stiblert, L. and Nygren, H. A. (1986), External Diffusion Solid-Phase Immunoassay.J. Theor. Biol. 120, 129–142.
Nygren, H. A. and Stenberg, M. (1985),J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 107, 560–566.
Stenberg, M. and Nygren, H. A. (1982),Anal. Biochem. 127, 183–192.
Sadana, A. and Sii, D. (1992),Biosens. Bioelectron. 7, 559–568.
Sadana, A. and Sii, D. (1992),J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 151, 166–177.
Sadana, A. and Madagula, A. (1993),Biotechnol. Progr. 9, 259–266.
Sadana, A., Alarie, J. P. and Vo-Dinh, T. (1995),Talanta 42, 1567–1574.
Douglas, J. F. (1989),Macromolecules 22, 3707–3716.
Ortega-Vinuesa, J. L., Bastos-Gonzalez, D. and Hidalgo-Alvarez, R. (1995),J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 176, 240–247.
Kopelman, R. (1988),Science 241, 1620–1626.
Metzler, R., Glockle, W. G., and Nonnenmacher, T. F. (1994),Physica A 211, 13–24.
Giona, M. and Roman, H. E. (1992),Physica A 185, 87–97.
Werthen, M. and Nygren, H. A. (1993),Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1162, 326–332.
Pfeifer, P. and Obert, M. (1989), inThe Fractal Approach To Heterogeneous Chemistry: Surfaces, Colloids, Polymers; Avnir, D., ed., J. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, pp. 11–43.
Sadana, A. and Beelaram, A. (1994),Biotechnol. Progr. 10, 291–298.
Sadana, A. and Beelaram, A. (1995),Biosens. Bioelectron. 10, 301–316.
Sadana, A. and Beelaram, A. (1996),Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 60, 123.
Sadana, A. and Beelaram, A. (1997),Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. (in press).
Sadana, A. and Madagula A. (1994),Biosens. Bioelectron. 9, 45–55.
Sadana, A. (1995),Biotechnol. Progr. 11, 50–57.
Skinner, J. E. (1994),Bio/Technology 12, 596–600.
Cross, M. C. and Hohenberg, P. C. (1994),Science 263, 1569–1570.
Vlad, M. O. (1993),J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 159, 21–27.
Friesen, W. I. and Laidlaw, W. G. (1993),J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 160, 226–235.
Glockle, W. G. and Nonnenmacher, T. F. (1995),Biophys. J. 68, 46–53.
Shlesinger, M. F., Zaslavsky, G. M., and Klafter, J. (1993),Nature 363, 31–37.
Rabinovich, S. and Agmon, N. (1993),Phys. Rev. E 47, 3717–3720.
Di Cera, E. (1991),J. Chem. Phys. 95, 5082–5086.
Cuypers, P. A., Willems, G. M., Kop, J. M., Corsel, J. W., Jansen, M. P., and Hermens, W. T. (1987), inProteins At Interfaces. Physicochemical And Biochemical Studies. Brash, J. L., and Horbett T.A., eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC., pp. 208–211.
Anderson, J., (1993), NIH Panel Review Meeting, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Degermes, P. G. (1982),Radiat. Phys. Chem. 22, 193–196.
Pfeifer, P., Avnir, D. and Farrin, D. J. (1984a),Nature 308, 261–263.
Pfeifer, P., Avnir, D. and Farin, D. J. (1984b),J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 103, 112–123.
Nyikos, L. and Pajkossy, T. (1986),Electrochim. Acta 31, 1347–1350.
Havlin, S. (1989), inThe Fractal Approach To Heterogeneous Chemistry: Surfaces, Colloids, Polymers; Avnir, D., ed., J. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, pp. 251–269.
Zhao, S. and Reichert, W. M. (1992),Langmuir 8, 2785–2791.
Nygren, H. A. (1994),Biophys. Chem. 52, 45–50.
Mason, D. W. and Williams, A. F. (1980),Biochem. J. 187, 1–20.
Letarte-Muirhead, M., Acton, R. T., and Williams, A. F. (1974),Biochem. J. 143, 51–61.
Letarte-Muirhead, M., Barclay, A.N. and Williams, A.F. (1975),Biochem. J. 151, 685–697.
Fabre, J. W. and Williams, A. F. (1997),Transplantation 23, 349–359.
MacDonald, M. E., Letarte-Muirhead, M., and Bernstein, A. (1978),J. Cell Physiol. 96, 291–302.
Dalchau, R. and Fabre, J. W. (1979),J. Exp. Med. 149, 576–591.
Sepaniak, M. J., Tromberg, B. J., and Estham, J. F. (1983),Chin, Chem. 29, 1678.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sadana, A., Suturia, M. Antigen-antibody binding kinetics for biosensor applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 62, 275–290 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02788003
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02788003