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Rôle of exchange forces in the problem of helium II

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Il Nuovo Cimento (1943-1954)

Summary

Appropriate one-particle eigenfunctions are built up for excitons in liquid He which are quadratic in momentum and the exchange and “Coulomb” integrals for such eigenfunctions are studied. Independently, an analysis of experimental data concerning the energy absorbed per exciton in the interval from 0 °K to the λ-point shows that the exchange energy must on the average be small. It is then shown that the exchange integral (in contrast with the «Coulomb» integral) cannot have a constant value but must increase with temperature, unless some appropriate mechanism prevents it from doing so. Though not analyzing in detail such mechanism, a tentative is made to show that it must be the same which is responsible for the negative expansion between 1 °K and the λ-point. Other topics touched upon are effective masses, excitation energies, and the behaviour of a saturated phonon gas.

Riassunto

Partendo da un particolare «metodo cellulare» si costruiscono autofunzioni (di una particella) che resultano appropriate per descrivere quegli stati eccitati dell’elio liquido la cui energia è funzione quadratica della quantità di moto. Si studiano poi gli integrali di scambio e «coulombiano» per le dette autofunzioni. Indipendentemente, una analisi dei dati sperimentali mostra che l’energia di scambio (fra 0 °K e il punto λ) deve essere piccola. Siccome si può mostrare che gli integrali di scambio non possono avere un valore fisso, ma devono crescere con la temperatura, ne consegue che deve esistere un meccanismo (contrazione delle autofunzioni) che ne riduce il valore. Si mostra che questo meccanismo dev’essere lo stesso che produce la caratteristica «dilatazione negativa» fra circa 1 °K e la temperatura di transizione. Altri punti presi in considerazione riguardano masse apparenti, energie di eccitazione, vapore saturo di fononi.

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Franchetti, S. Rôle of exchange forces in the problem of helium II. Nuovo Cim 12, 743–768 (1954). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02781838

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02781838

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