Summary
In single and polycrystals of «pure» Ih ice, large cracks were mechanically produced along prismatic planes; at the same time large potential changes (up to 40 volt) were measured on the surface of the sample. The decay of the potential observed under isothermal and constant warming rate conditions led to the hypothesis of a polarization associated with a dislocation motion activated by Bjerrum defects. The activation energy found ((0.20 ± 0.02) eV) is close to the values reported in the literature for the migration of these defects. It is pointed out that such a phenomenon may take part in thunderstorm electrification.
Riassunto
In mono e policristalli di ghiaccio Ih «puro» sono state prodotte meccanicamente ampie superfici di frattura, eventi come orientazione quella dei piani prismatici; in coincidenza con la formazione di tali fratture, alla superficie esterna dei campioni in esame sono state misurate ampie variazioni del potenziale (fino a 40 volt). Dall’analisi del decadimento del potenziale in condizioni di isotermia o di riscaldamento a velocità costante, si è tratta l’ipotesi di una polarizzazione associata al moto di dislocazioni attivato dai difetti di Bjerrum. Il valore trovato per l’energia di attivazione del fenomeno ((0.20 ± 0.02) eV) è vicino a quelli riportati dalla letteratura per la migrazione di tali difetti. Si pone, inoltre, in evidenza la possibilità che tale fenomeno partecipi al processo di elettrificazione della nube temporalesca.
Резюме
В моно- и поликристаллах «чистого» Ih льда механически образуются большие трещины вдоль призматических плоскостей. Одновременно измеряются большие изменения потенциала (до 40 вольт) на поверхности образца. Затухание потенциала, которое наблюдается в условиях изотермического и постоянного нагревания, приводит к гипотезе поляризации, связанной с движением дислокаций, возбужденным дефектами Бьеррума. Получено, что величина энергии активации ((0.20±0.02) эВ) близка к значениям, которые сообщались в литературе для миграции этих дефектов. Отмечается, что такие явления могут иметь место при грозовой электризации.
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This research was supported by the C.N.R., contract No. 72.00192-02-115.1489.
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Del Pennino, U., Loria, A., Mantovani, S. et al. Polarization phenomena induced by cracks in Ih ice crystals. Nuov Cim B 24, 108–120 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02724036
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02724036