Abstract
Strontium zirconium phosphate, unpromoted strontium chlorapatite and strontium hydroxyapatite showed low C2 selectivity for the oxidative coupling of methane, but promoted strontium chlorapatite catalysts showed markedly increased activity and selectivity and also exhibited stable behavior. SrCl2 was the primary promoter and strontium zirconium oxides were considered to be acting as other promoters, but strontium zirconium phosphate and strontium carbonate seemed to be acting adversely. A promoted strontium chlorapatite catalyst which contained a slightly larger amount of SrCl2 than needed to form the chlorapatite showed the best performance and was stable up to 50 h at 1,023 K, and the highest C2+ selectivity and yield were 52% and 13.8%, respectively. Although SrCl2 was more stable than NaCl it decomposed slowly during the reaction, leaving strontium oxide or strontium carbonate behind, which is considered to result in slow deactivation of the catalyst.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amenomiya, Y., Birss, V. I., Goledzinowski, M., Galuszka, J. and Sanger, A. R., “Conversion of Methane Oxidative Coupling,”Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng.,32,163 (1990).
Baeck, S. H., Chung, J. S. and Lee, W. Y, “Oxidative Coupling of Methane over BiOCl-Li2CO3-Sm2O3 Catalyst”HWAHAK KONGHAK,36,429 (1998).
Chang, J.-S., Park, S.-E. and Lee, Y K., “Characterization of Cobalts-Exchanged Synthetic a-Zirconium Phosphate,”HWAHAKKONGHAK,27, 323 (1989).
Cho, W., Baek, Y, Pang, H. and Kim, Y C, “A Direct Catalytic Conversion of Natural Gas to C2+ Hydrocarbons by Microwave Plasma,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,15,500 (1998).
Clearfield, A., Landis, A. L., Medina, A. S. and Troup, J. M., “More on Crystalline Zirconium Phosphates,”J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.,35, 1099 (1973).
Guo, X.-M., Hidaiat, K. and Ching, C.-B., “An Experimental Study of Oxidative Coupling of Methane in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with 1 wt% Sr/La2O3-Bi2O3-Ag-YSZ Membrane”Korean J. Chem. Sng.,15,469 (1998).
Hutchings, G. J. and Scurrell, M. S., “Methane Conversion by Oxidative Processes: Fundamental and Engineering Aspects,” Wolf, E. E., ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 200 (1992).
Kim, C. S. and Lee, W. Y, “The Reaction Characteristics of Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Ba- and Sr-based Catalysts,”HWAHAKKONGHAK,31, 62 (1993).
Kim, S.-C, Sunwoo, C.-S. and Yu, E.-Y, “The Effect of Alkali Promoters in Oxidative Coupling of Methane with Mn-Oxide Catalysts,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,7, 279 (1990).
Kim, S.-C. and Yu, E.-Y, “The Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Supported Zinc Oxide Catalyst with Alkali Promoters,”HWAHAK KONGHAK,28, 536 (1990).
Kim, S. H., Cho, S. M. and Yoon, K. J., “Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Na+-ZrO2-Cl-/Al2O3 Catalysts,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,14, 69 (1997).
Kong, S. J., Bae, Y K. and Yoon, K. J., “Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Sodium-Chloride-Added Sodium Zirconium Phosphates,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,16, 234 (1999).
Lee, J. S. and Oyama, S. T, “Effect of Reaction Temperature on the Selectivity of Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Lead Oxide,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,6, 54 (1989).
Lee, J. S. and Oyama, S. T, “Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Higher Hydrocarbons,”Catal. Rev.Sci. Eng.,30, 249 (1988).
Lee, K.-Y, Han, Y.-C, Suh, D. J. and Park, T J., “Pb-substituted Hydroxyapatite Catalysts Prepared by Coprecipitation Method for Oxidative Coupling of Methane,” in “Natural Gas Conversion V,” Parmaliana, A., Sanfilippo, D., Frusteri, F, Vaccari, A. and Arena, F, Eds., Else vier, Studies in Surf. Sci. Catal., 119, 385 (1998).
Maitra, A. M., “Critical Performance Evaluation of Catalysts and Mechanistic Implications for Oxidative Coupling of Methane,”Applied Catalysis A: General,104,11 (1993).
Matsumura, Y, Sugiyama, S., Hayashi, H. and Moffat, J. B., “An Apparent Ensemble Effect in the Oxidative Coupling of Methane on Hydroxyapatite with Incorporated Lead,”Catal. Lett.,30, 235 (1995).
Nagamoto, H., Amanuma, K., Nobutomo, H. and Inoue, H., “Methane Oxidation over Perovskite-type Oxide Containing Alkaline-earth Metal,”Chem, Lett., 237 (1988).
Segawa, K., Kurusu, Y. and Kinoshita, M., “Catalysis by Acids and Bases,”Imelik, B., ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, B.V., 83 (1985a).
Segawa, K., Kurusu, Y., Nakajima, Y. and Kinoshita, M., “Characterization of Crystalline Zirconium Phosphates and Their Isomerization Activities,”J. Catal.,94,491 (1985b).
Sugiyama, S., Matsumoto, H., Hayashi, H. and Moffat, J. B., “Decomposition of Tetrachloromethane on Calcium Hydroxyapatite under Methane Oxidation Conditions,”Appl. Catal. B,20, 57 (1999).
Sugiyama, S., Minami, T., Hayashi, H., Tanaka, M. and Moffat, J. B., “Surface and Bulk Properties of Stoichiometric and Nonstoichiometric Strontium Hydroxyapatite and the Oxidation of Methane,”J. Solid State Chem.,126,242 (1996).
Yang, W. M., Yan, Q. J. and Fu, X. C, “A Comparative Study of Catalytic Behaviours of Sr-Ti, Sr-Zr, Sr-Sn Perovskites and Corresponding Layered Perovskites for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane,” in “Methane and Alkane Conversion Chemistry” Bhasin, M. M. and Slocum, D. W., Eds., Plenum, New York, 71 (1995).
Yoon, K J. and Seo, S. W., “Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Sodium-salt-promoted Zirconia Catalysts Prepared by the Mixed Solution Method,”Applied Catalysis B,7, 237 (1996).
Yoon, K J. and Seo, S. W., “The Catalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Methane Prepared from Zirconyl Chloride and Sodium Pyrophosphate,”Applied Catalysis A,161, L5 (1997).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bae, Y.K., Jun, J.H. & Yoon, K.J. Oxidative coupling of methane over promoted strontium chlorapatite. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 16, 595–601 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02708137
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02708137