Abstract
The oxidation of nickel near 1000°C is accompanied by the generation of stresses parallel with the metal-oxide interface and of magnitude (~1500 psi) sufficient to elongate nickel rod, increase sheet area, and sharpen the angle of bend of ells and helices. A primary cause of this stress is identified with the formation of layers of new nickel oxide upon boundaries of columnar grains where nickel, diffusing through the oxide crystals, meets oxygen, diffusing along grain boundaries. Classical parabolic growth of the scale gives way to a slower quasilinear rate when the major site of new oxide formation is abruptly shifted to a system of grain boundaries lying close to the metal surface and created by recrystallization of the oxide under the influence of stress and high temperature. Another source of stress in the scale arises from the constantly changing area of the metal-oxide interface when oxidation is occurring upon curved metal surfaces. This stress reinforces that generated by deposition of material at oxide grain boundaries when the surface is convex and opposes it when the surface is concave.
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This paper is based in part on a doctoral dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Florida by J. S. WOLF in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosopy.
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Rhines, F.N., Wolf, J.S. The role of oxide microstructure and growth stresses in the high-temperature scaling of nickel. Metall Trans 1, 1701–1710 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02642020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02642020