Zusammenfassung
Weißfäule-Pilze sondern in die Nährlösungen Enzyme ab, mit Hilfe derer sie imstande sind, Lignin abzubauen. Das primäre Ligninabbauprodukt ist nicht nur Guajacylglycerol-β-koniferyl-Äther, sondern auch Vanillinsäure. auch aus der Nährlösung und dem Mycelium anderer Pilze konnte schon ein Enzym isoliert werden, das fähig war, aromatisch-aliphatische Ätherbindungen zu spalten. Nach den bisher vorherrschenden Ansichten gibt es aber kein spezielles Enzym, das die Spaltung der erwänten Bindung verursachen würde. Man nimmt an, daß die Peroxydase die Demethylierung der Methoxylgruppen katalysiert und die Lakkase orthodiphenolische Gruppen zu ortho-Chinonen oxydiert. Die elektrolytische Wirkung von ortho-Chinonen in der Nachbarschaft von Aryl-Alkyl-Ätherbinding verursacht deren Spaltung. Das Endprodukt der Veränderung aromatischer Stoffe ist die Protokatechusäure. Die Spaltung aromatischer Stoffe in aliphatische wurde bisher nur bei Bakterien untersucht.
Summary
In culture media white-rot fungi produce enzymes by means of which they are able to decompose lignin. As the primary degradation product of lignin guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl ether as well as vanillic acid were ascertained. Enzymes were isolated from the culture media and mycelium of some fungi which were able to split aromatic-aliphatic ether bonds. In the opinion of other authors held until now, there exists no special enzyme causing the splitting of these bonds. Peroxydase catalyzes the demetylation of methoxyl groups and laccase causes the oxidation of o-diphenolic groups into o-quinones. Electrophyllic effect of o-quinones causes its splitting. The final product of this transformation is the protocatechuic acid. Until now the splitting of aromatic compounds into aliphatic ones has been studied only on bacteria from the enzymological point of view.
Schrifttum
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Sopko, R. Die Zersetzung von Lignin durch Weißfäule-Pilze und mycelfreie Nährlösungen. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 26, 222–227 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02619234
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02619234