Pharmacology, relative bioavailability, and toxicity of three different oral cyclophosphamide preparations in a randomized, cross-over study

Summary

Thirty-six patients were entered on this study to determine the pharmacology, bioavailability, and toxicity of three different oral formulations of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan^®, Endoxan^®, and an investigational direct compression tablet). Patients were randomized with respect to the order in which they received the different oral cyclophosphamide preparations, and received each one for two weeks followed by a two week washout period. Concurrent chemotherapy was allowed provided it remained constant across all 3 courses of cyclophosphamide. Plasma concentrations of cyclophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard were measured by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Peak plasma cyclophosphamide concentrations and times to peak plasma cyclophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard preparations were significantly greater for Endoxan^® than for Cytoxan^® and the investigational direct compression tablet. Drug area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), bioavailability, and plasma elimination half-life could not be reliably calculated for Endoxan^® but were similar for Cytoxan^® and the investigational formulation. Based on AUC comparisons, bioavailability of parent compound (relative to an oral cyclophosphamide solution) was 85% for Cytoxan^® and 69% for the investigational formulation. This difference was not significant. There were no significant differences between the 3 formulations with respect to any individual type of toxicity, although the investigational formulation tended to be associated with somewhat less overall toxicity (p=0.08).