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Engineering properties and slope stability of road cuttings along the enugu-onitsha express road, Southeastern Nigeria

Problèmes de stabilité de pentes dans des déblais routiers le long d'une route express dans le Sud-ouest du Nigéria

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Abstract

The new express highway linking Enugu (in Enugu State) and Onitsha (in Anambra State) both in Southeastern Nigeria, is plagued with landslides, a few years after completion. The active landslides are concentrated on the road cuttings between Otuocha junction and Awka, specifically between km 29 and km 40 from the Onitsha end of the road. Three of these slides have been studied.

The investigation involved detailed field and laboratory studies of the physical conditions and geotechnical properties of the sites and soils therein. The laboratory tests performed included grainsize distribution analysis, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, natural water content, bulk density, permeability and shear strength.

Each site was analysed for stability using the strength parameters obtained from laboratory tests and Bishop's 1955 simplified method of analysis. There is evidence from the analyses results that although the cut slopes are vulnerable to toe undermining and over-steepening by runoff, the generally “loose” nature of the soils as evidenced by the low bulk density (1580–1960 kg/cm3), fairly high void ratio (0.53–0.66) but low permeability (2.15–3.25×10−3 cm/s) and consequent high saturation and strength reduction during the rains, are the major contributors to instability of the cut slopes.

Résumé

La nouvelle route express qui relie Enugu à Onitsha dans le Sud-Ouest du Nigéria est affectée de nombreux glissements de terrain, quelques années seulement après sa construction. Les glissements actifs sont concentrés sur une dizaine de kilomètres, à proximité d'Onitsha. Trois d'entre eux ont été étudiés.

Pour chacun ont été réalisés une étude de terrain détaillée et des essais de laboratoire comprenant des analyses granulométriques, limites d'Atterberg, masse volumique, teneur en eau, perméabilité et résistance au cisaillement. L'étude de stabilité de chaque site a été réalisée en utilisant les paramètres de résistance et la méthode d'analyse simplifiée de Bishop (1955). Les analyses montrent que les pentes des déblais sont sensibles à l'affouillement en pied et surtout que la nature «meuble» des sols, bien mise en évidence par la faible masse volumique (1 580–1 960 kg/cm3), l'indice des vides (0,53–0,66), la faible perméabilité (2,15–3,25×10−3 cm/s) et le fort degré de saturation et de réduction de résistance qui en découlent pendant les pluies sont les causes principales de l'instabilité des pentes de déblais.

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Okagbue, C.O., Ifedigbo, O.T. Engineering properties and slope stability of road cuttings along the enugu-onitsha express road, Southeastern Nigeria. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 52, 85–93 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02602685

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