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Petrographic, mechanical and chemical properties of sand resources in Lebanon, eastern mediterranean

Caractéristiques pétrographiques, mécaniques et chimiques des ressources en sables du Liban

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Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In a previous study, the results of extensive surveys and investigations covering 80 percent of the Lebanese territory to locate the major sand resources, were reported. Forty-one samples representing major operating sand quarries or sand excavation sites were located, described, and sampled. The research program reported in this paper was designed to evaluate the 41 sand samples based on petrographic analysis, mechanical and chemical acceptance tests, and results of tests conducted on fresh and hardened concrete samples identical except for the type of sand. Conclusions are presented concerning each sand source.

In general, Lebanese sands were found to be fine, poorly graded, and rich with material finer than #200 sieve (0.075 mm). The gradation of the sands used was found to have the most significant effect on concrete compressive strength. Because of the scarcity of construction material resources, techniques are presented to improve the gradation of Lebanese sands and to clean them from excessive deleterious substances.

Résumé

Dans une étude précédente, nous avons exposé les résultats des prospections extensives englobant 80% du territoire libanais et localisant les principales ressources en sables. Quarante et un exemples représentant les principales carrières en activité et les sites d'excavation ont été localisés, décrits et échantillonnés. Le programme de recherche rapporté ci-après vise à évaluer les 41 échantillons de sables en se basant sur l'analyse pétrographique, des essais mécaniques et chimiques, et sur les résultats des essais réalisés sur des échantillons de béton frais et durci tous identiques à l'exception du type de sable. Des conclusions sont présentées concernant chaque source de sable.

En général, nous avons constaté que les sables libanais sont fins, d'une graduation médiocre, et riches en particules inférieures à 0,075 mm. La graduation des sables utilisés a un effet significatif sur la résistance à la compression du béton. A cause de la rareté des ressources en matériaux de construction, des techniques sont présentées pour améliorer la courbe des sables libanais, et les débarrasser des substances nocives en excès.

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Hamad, B.S., Yassine, M.Y. & Khatib, H. Petrographic, mechanical and chemical properties of sand resources in Lebanon, eastern mediterranean. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 22, 97–109 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600659

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