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Landform evaluation as a method of road construction investigation in South Africa

L'évaluation des formes du relief comme moyen d'étude de construction routiere en Afrique du Sud

  • IAEG Symposium “Engineering Geological Mapping for Planning, Disign and Construction in Civil Engineering”, Newcastle Upon Tyne, 3–6 September 1979
  • THEME 1 Regional Engineering Geological Mapping for Planning Purposes Contributions
  • Published:
Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

An established technique of materials survey for road construction purposes in South Africa is based on landform evaluation.

A direct relationship is assumed between landform and the underlying soil profile for a given geological and climatic situation. By mapping landform units from stereo-aerial photographs, then sampling and testing typical landform units, extrapolation to similar units allows the spatial distribution and quality of material in the mapping area to be estimated. This will only hold true for landforms that are morphogenetic in character where they are a direct consequence of the processes acting. If there is therefore a uniformity of geology and climate over large areas this method of mapping has many advantages.

For long roads in regions of bad access such a map forms a useful tool at all stages of the contract. As an initial survey it indicates suitability and amounts of material available, location of borrow areas and therefore haul distances. At a later stage it could indicate areas that would provide extra material. While by the same reasoning stretches of bad ground could be quantified and likely foundation conditions determined for crossing points.

This procedure lends itself to the storage of data suitable for re-use at a later stage on subsequent projects.

Résumé

Une technique éprouvée pour l'étude de matériaux employés dans la construction des routes en Afrique du Sud est basée sur l'évaluation de formes de relief.

Étant donné une certaine situation géologique et climatique, on suppose qu'il y a une relation directe entre la forme du relief et le profil du sol sous-jacent. En établissant des unités de formes du relief par l'étude de photographies aériennes, suivie d'échantillonnage et de tests sur des unités typiques, l'extrapolation à des unités similaires permet d'estimer la répartition spaciale et la qualité des matériaux dans la zone levée. Ceci sera valable uniquement dans le cas de formes du relief de caractère morphogénétique et seulement aux endroits où ces formes sont dues à l'action des processus de transformation. Ainsi, si l'aire contient de grandes zones de géologie et de climat uniformes, cette méthode de levé est avantageuse.

Pour de longues routes dans des régions d'accès difficile, une telle carte devient très utile à toute phase du contrat. Comme levé initial, la carte indique où l'on peut trouver des matériaux, et en quelle quantité, la situation de balastières possibles et, par conséquent, les distances de roulage. A une étape postérieure, la carte pourrait indiquer des zones de réserves possibles de matériaux. Par le même raisonnement, elle servirait à déterminer la quantité des sections de mauvais terrain et les conditions probables des fondations aux point où la route devra les croiser.

Ce procédé se prête au stockage des informations en vue d'une réutilisation pour une étape ultérieure ou d'autres projets.

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Howland, A.F. Landform evaluation as a method of road construction investigation in South Africa. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 19, 25–30 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600443

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