Summary
Attention is paid to the fact that with catastrophic earthquakes 80–90% of human casualties and material damage is associated not with the earthquake proper but with subsequent phenomena, primarily landslides and collapses. Their main reasons are seismic accelerations, change of the gradient angle of unstable planes and thixotropic affects on grounds.
Nine types of seismogenic landslides and collapses are distinguished. It is underlined that the greatest landslides and collapses in highly seismic regions have a tendency to be repeated in the same regions. For the establishment of such regions the palaeoseismogeological method is of great importance. It has been worked out at the Institute of the Earth's crust, Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Résumé
Le présent article attire l'attention sur le fait qu'au cours de grands tremblements de terre, de 80 à 90% des morts et des dégâts matériels sont liés non au seïsme lui-même, mais aux phénomènes qui l'accompagnent, en particulier les glissements et les éboulements de terrain. Leurs causes principales sont les accélérations sismiques, le changement de l'angle d'inclinaison des plans instables et la dilution thixotrope des sols.
On distingue 9 types de glissements et d'éboulements de terrain. On souligne que les plus grands glissements et éboulements de terrain dans les regions très sismiques peuvent avoir lieu dans ces mêmes régions. Alors, pour mettre en évidence ces dernières, il faudrait appliquer la méthode paléoseismologique, élaborée par l'Institut de la Croûte terrestre de la Division sibérienne de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS, qui a une grande valeur pratique.
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Solonenko, V.P. Landslides and collapses in seismic zones and their prediction. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 15, 4–8 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02592633
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02592633