Skip to main content
Log in

Cell culture systems andin vitro toxicity testing

Technical report no. 4 of the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT): Technical workshop of June 13–15, 1990

  • Technical Report
  • Published:
Cytotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Flint OP (1990)In vitro alternatives to ocular toxicity testing: A report of a meeting organized by the IndustrialIn Vitro Toxicology Group,In Vitro Toxicol. 3: 281–292.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flint OP and Boyle FT (1990) Structure-teratogenecity relationships among antifungal triazoles. In: Ryley JF (ed.) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 96, Chemotherapy of Fungal Diseases (pp. 231–249), Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

  • Goldberg AM (ed.) (1987) Alternative Methods in Toxicology Vol. 4 (pp. 31–34). Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prior PB (1990) Clinical Applications of the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Test, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

References

  • Acosta D and Sorensen EMB (1983) Role of calcium in cytotoxic injury of cultured hepatocytes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 407: 78–92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acosta D and Ramos K (1984) Cardiotoxicity of tricyclic antidepressants in primary cultures of rat myocardial cells. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 14: 137–143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acosta D, Sorensen EM, Anuforo DC, Mitchell DB, Ramos K, Santone KS and Smith MA (1985) Anin vitro approach to the study of target organ toxicity of drugs and chemicals.In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 21: 495–504.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acosta D, Mitchell DB and Sorensen EMB (1987) The metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics in a primary culture system of postnatal rat hepatocytes. In: Rauchman and Padella (eds.) The Isolated Hepatocyte (pp. 189–214). Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Augusti-Tocco G and Sato G (1969) Establishment of functional clonal cell lines of neurons from mouse neuroblastoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 64: 311–315.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babich H and Borenfreund E (1987) Fathead minnow FHM cells for use inin vitro cytotoxicity assays of aquatic pollutants. Ecotoxicol. Env. Safety 14: 78–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babich H, Sardana MK and Borenfreund E (1988) Acute cytotoxicities of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons determinedin vitro with the human liver tumor cell line HepG2. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 4: 285–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babich H, Martin-Aguacil N and Borenfreund E (1989) Comparison of the cytotoxicities of dermatotoxins to human keratinocytes and fibroblastsin vitro. In: Goldberg A (ed.) Alternative Methods in Toxicology Vol. 7 (pp. 153–167). Mary Ann Liebert Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berthou F, Ratanasavanh D, Riche C, Picart D, Voirin T and Guillouzo A (1989) Comparison of caffeine metabolism by slices, microsomes and hepatocyte cultures from adult human liver. Xenobiotica 19: 401–417.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Billings RE, McMahon RE, Ashmore J and Wagle SR (1977) The metabolism of drugs in isolated rat hepatocytes. A comparison within vivo drug metabolism and drug metabolism in cellular fractions. Drug Metab. Dispos. 5: 518–526.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bissell DM and Guzelian PS (1980) Phenotypic stability of adult rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 349: 85–98.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blaauboer BJ, van Holsteijn I, van Graft M and Paine AJ (1985) The concentration of cytochrome P-450 in human hepatocyte culture. Biochem. Pharmacol. 34: 2405–2408.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borenfreund E and Borrero (1984)In vitro cytotoxicity assays. Potential alternatives to the Draize ocular irritancy test. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 1: 55–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borenfreund E and Puerner JA (1986) Cytotoxicity of metals, metal-metal and metal-chelator combinations assayedin vitro. Toxicology 39: 121–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borenfreund E and Puerner JA (1987) Short-term quantitativein vitro cytotoxicity assay involving an S-9 activating system. Cancer Lett. 34: 243–248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce ST and Ham RG (1986) Normal human epidermal keratinocytes. In: Weber MM and Sekely L (eds.)In Vitro Models for Cancer Research. Vol. 3 (pp. 245–274). CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butterworth BE, Smith-Oliver T, Earle L, Loury DJ, White RD, Doolittle DJ, Working PK, Cattley RC, Jirtle R, Michaloupoulos G and Strom S (1989) Use of primary cultures of human hepatocytes in toxicology studies. Cancer Res. 49: 1075–1084.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calabrese EJ (1983) Comparative Metabolism: the principal cause of differential susceptibility to toxic and carcinogenic agents. Chapter 5 Principals of Animal Extrapolation (pp. 203–282). John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell J (1980) Comparative aspects of detoxication in mammals. In: Jakoby WJ (ed.) Enzymatic Basis of Detoxication, Vol. I (pp. 85–114). Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casini AF and Farber JL (1981) Dependence of the carbon tetrachloride-induced cell death of cultured hepatocytes on the extracellular calcium concentration. Am. J. Pathol. 105: 138–148.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chenery RM, George M and Krishna G (1981) The effect of ionophore A23187 and calcium on carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 60: 241–252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chenery RJ, Ayrton A, Oldham HG, Standring P, Norman SJ, Seddon T and Kirby R (1987) Diazepam metabolism in cultured hepatocytes from rat, rabbit, dog, guinea pig, and man. Drug Metab. Dispos. 15: 312–317.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Churchill L, Chilton FG, Resau JH, Bascom R, Hubbard WC and Proud D (1989) Cyclooxygenase metabolism of endogenous arachidonic acid by cultured human tracheal epithelial cells. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140: 449–459.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole KE, Jones TW, Lipsky MM, Trump BF and Hsu I-C (1988)In vitro binding of aflatoxin B1 and 2-acetylaminofluorene to rat, mouse, and human hepatocyte DNA: the relationship of DNA binding to carcinogenicity. Carcinogenesis 9: 711–716.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Leo VA, Harber LC, Kong BM and De Salva SJ (1987) Surfactant-induced alteration of arachidonic acid metabolism of mammalian cells in culture. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 184: 477–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffy PA and Flint OP (1987)In vitro dermal irritancy tests. In: Atterwill CK and Steele CE (eds.)In Vitro Methods in Toxicology (pp. 279–297). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmonson JW and Bang NO (1981) Deleterious effects of calcium deprivation on freshly isolated hepatocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 241: 63–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fabre G, Rahmani R, Placidi M, Combalbert J, Covo J, Cano J-P, Coulange C, Ducros M and Rampal M (1988) Characterization of midazolam metabolism using human hepatic microsomal fractions and hepatocytes in suspension obtained by perfusing whole human livers. Biochem. Pharmacol. 37: 4389–4397.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gee S, Green CE and Tyson CA (1984) Comparative metabolism of tolbultamide by isolated hepatocytes from rat, rabbit, dog, and squirrel monkey. Drug Metab. Dispos. 12: 174–178.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grafstrom RC, Pegg AE, Trump BF and Harris CH (1984) O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity in normal human tissues and cells. Cancer Res. 44: 2865–2867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green CE, Dabbs JE and Tyson CA (1984) Metabolism and cytotoxicity of acetaminophen in hepatocytes isolated from resistant and susceptible species. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 76: 139–149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green CE, LeValley SE and Tyson CA (1986) Comparison of amphetamine metabolism using isolated hepatocytes from five species including human. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 237: 931–936.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grisham JW and Smith GJ (1984) Predictive and mechanistic evaluation of toxic responses in mammalian cell culture systems. Pharmacol. Rev. 36: 1515–1715.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guzelian PS, Li D, Schuetz EG, Thomas P, Levin W, Mode A and Gustaffsson JA (1988) Sex change in cytochrome P-450 phenotype by growth hormone treatment of adult rat heptocytes maintained in a culture system on matrigel. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 9783–9787.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ham RG (1981) Survival and growth requirements of nontransformed cells. In: Baserga R (ed.) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology Vol. 57 (pp. 13–88). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris CC (1987) Human tissues and cells in carcinogenesis research, Cancer Res. 47: 1–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay R, Macy M, Chen TR, McClintock P and Reid Y (1988) American Type Culture Collection Catalogue of Cell Lines and Hybridomas. 6th Edition American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20852.

  • Hurko O, McKee L and Zuurveld GEM (1986) Transfection of human skeletal muscle cells with SV40 large T antigen gene coupled to a metallothinein promoter. Ann. Neurol. 20: 573–582.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ichihara A, Nakamura T, Tanaka K, Tomita Y, Aoyama K, Kato S and Shinno H (1980) Biochemical functions of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 349: 77–84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jat PS, Noble MD, Ataliotis P, Tanaka Y, Yannoutsos N, Larsen L and Kioussis D (1991) Direct derivation of conditionally immortal cell lines from an H-2Kb-tsA58 transgenic mouse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 5096–5100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Just WW and Schimassek H (1980) Lack of ornithine decarboxylase activity in isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. Eur. J. Cell. Biol. 22: 649–653.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato S, Aoyama K, Nakamura T and Ichihara A (1979) Biochemical studies of liver functions in primary cultured hepatocytes of adult rats. III. Changes of enzyme activities on cell membranes during culture. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 86: 1419–1425.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knowles B, Hower CC and Aden DP (1980) Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines secrete the major plasma proteins and hepatitis B antigens. Science 209: 497–499.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krebs H, Lund P and Edwards M (1979) Features of isolated liver cells. In: Reid E (ed.) Cell Populations, Methodological Surveys in Biochemistry, Vol. 8 (pp 1–6). Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krumdieck CL, dos Santos JE and Ho KJ (1980) A new instrument for the rapid preparation of tissue slices, Anal. Biochem. 104:118–123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeBigot JF, Begue JM, Kiechel JR and Guillouzo A (1987) Species differences in metabolism of ketotifen in rat, rabbit, and man: demonstration of similar pathwaysin vivo and in cultured hepatocytes. Life Sci. 40:883–890.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maron DM and Ames BN (1983) Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutat. Res. 113:173–215.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McAllister JM and Hornsby PJ (1987) Improved clonal and nonclonal growth of human, rat and bovine adrenocortical cells in culture.In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 23:667–685.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeehan W, Barnes D, Reid L, Stanbridge E, Murakami H and Sato GH (1990) Frontiers in mammalian cell culture.In Vitro Cell and Dev. Biol. 26:9–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McQueen CA and Williams GM (1988) Conjugation of chemical carcinogens in cultured hepatocytes. In: Siest G, Magdalou J and Burchell B (eds.) Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Glucuronidation. Vol. 173 (pp. 121–127). Colloque INSERM/John Livvey Eurotest Ltd.

  • McQueen CA, Miller MJ and Williams GM (1986) Sex differences in the biotransformation of 2-acetylaminofluorene in cultured rat hepatocytes. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 2:271–281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Disease Research Interchange, Philadelphia, PA (1987) Guidelines for Handling Human Tissues and Body Fluids in Research.

  • Neis JM, Yap SH, Roelofs HMJ, Van Gemert PJL, Te Brommelstroet BWJ and Henderson PTh (1986) Mutagenicity and DNA-excision repair induced by isoniazid after metabolic activation by isolated human and rat hepatocytes. Cancer Lett. 30:103–111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paine AJ (1990) The maintenance of cytochrome P-450 in rat hepatocyte culture: some applications of liver cell cultures to the study of drug metabolism, toxicity and the induction of the P-450 system, Chem. Biol. Interact. 74:1–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters JH, Gordon GR, Lin E, Green CE and Tyson CA (1990) Polymorphic N-acetylation of sulfamethazine and benzidine by human liver: Implications for cancer risk? Anticancer Res. 10:225–230.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powanda MC (1985) The role of interleukin-I in homeostasis. In: Kluger MJ, Oppenheim JJ and Powanda MC (eds.) The Physiologic, Metabolic, and Immunologic Actions of Interleukin-I (pp. 535–546). Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powis GY, Jardine I, Van Dyke R, Weinshilbourn R, Moore D, Wilke TO, Rhodes W, Nelson R, Benson L and Szumlanski C (1988) Foreign compound metabolism studies with human liver obtained as surgical waste. Drug Metab. Dispos. 16: 582–589.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reese JA and Byard JL (1981) Isolation and culture of adult hepatocytes from liver biopsies.In Vitro 17:935–940.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Resau HJ, Phelps PC, Zhu SM, Smoot D, Lee HK, Cottrell JR, Hudson EA and Elliget KA (1990) Long-term cululture of human esophageal explants and cells. Cytotechnology 3: 61–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rheinwald JG and Green H (1975) Formation of a keratinizing epithelium in culture by a cloned cell line derived from a teratoma. Cell 6:317–330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudo KM, Dauterman WC and Langenbach R (1987a) Human and rat kidney cell metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene and benzo(a)pyrene. Cancer Res. 49:1187–1192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudo KM, Meyers WC, Dauterman WC and Langenbach R (1987b) Comparison of human and rat hepatocyte metabolism and mutagenic activation of 2-acetylaminofluorene. Cancer Res. 47:5861–5867.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato G (ed.) (1981) Functionally Differentiated Cell Lines. Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sato G, Augusti-Tocco G and Posner M (1970) Hormone secreting and hormone-responsive cell cultures. Rec. Progr. Horm. Res. 26:539–546.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaeffer WI (1990) Terminology associated with cell, tissue and organ culture, molecular biology and molecular genetics. Tissue Culture Association Terminology Committee.In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 26:91–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schanne FA, Kane AB, Young EE and Farber JL (1979) Calcium dependence of toxic death:a final common pathway. Science 206:700–702.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro DL, Finkelstein JN and Van Diver T (1989) Isolation of alveolar epithelial cells from lung tissue obtained at autopsy.In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 25:1051–1054.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sipes IG, Fisher RL, Smith PF, Stine ER, Gandolfi AJ and Brenkel KA (1987) Dynamic liver culture system: a tool for studying chemical biotransformation and toxicity. Arch Toxicol., Suppl. 11:20–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirbasku DA (1978) Estrogen induction of growth factors specific for hormone-responsive mammary, pituitary and kidney tumor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:3786–3790.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MT, Thor H and Orrenius S (1981) Toxic injury to isolated hepatocytes is not dependent on extracellular calcium. Science 213:1257–1259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stacey NH and Klaassen CDJ (1982) Lack of protection against chemically induced injury to isolated hepatocytes by omission of calcium from the incubation medium. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 9:267–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele VE and Morgan DL (1988) Chemically induced toxicity in cultured respiratory tract epithelium from animals and humans. In: Gardner DE, Crapo JD and Massaro EJ (eds.) Toxicology of the Lung (pp. 315–322). Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Sato M, Tomita Y and Ichihara A (1978) Biochemical studies of liver functions in primary cultures of hepatocytes of adult rats. I. Hormonal effects on cell viability and protein synthesis. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 84:937–946.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson EB, Tomkins GM and Curran JF (1966) Induction of tyrosine alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase by steroid hormones in a newly established tissue culture cell line. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 56:296–303.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tong C, Telang S and Williams GM (1984) Differences in responses of four adult rat liver epithelial cell lines to a spectrum of chemical mutagens. Mutat. Res. 130:53–61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Triffillis AL, Regec AL and Trump BF (1985) Isolation, culture and characterization of human renal tubular cells. J. Urol. 133:324–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Congress Office of Technology Assessment (1987) New Developments in Biotechnology I: Ownership of Human Tissues and Cells, Special Report No. OTA-BA-37, Corp. Service Codes 05874000. (Washington DC: US Govermment Printing Office), March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams GM, Mori H and McQueen CA (1989) Structure-activity relationships in the rat hepatocyte DNA-repair test for 300 chemicals. Mutat. Res. 221:263–286.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

References

  • Acosta D, Anuforo D and Smith RV (1978) Primary monolayer cultures of postnatal rat liver cells with extended differentiation functions.In Vitro 14:428–436.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acosta D, Anuforo DC, McMillin R, Soine WH and Smith RV (1979) Comparison of cytochrome P-450 levels in adult rat liver, postnatal rat liver and primary cultures of postnatal rat hepatocytes. Life Sci. 25:1413–1418.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Acosta D, Sorensen EM, Anuforo DC, Mitchell DB, Ramos K, Santone KS and Smith MA (1985) Anin vitro approach to the study of target organ toxicity of drugs and chemicals.In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 9:485–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K and Watson JD (1989) Molecular Biology of the Cell, Second Edition (Appendix to Chapter 17: Cells of the Adult Human Body: A Catalog, pp. 995–997). Garland Publishing Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allegra JC and Lippman ME (1978) Growth of a human breast cancer cell line in serum-free hormone-supplemented medium. Cancer Res. 38:3823–3829.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes D (1984) Attachment factors in cell culture. In: Mather JP (ed.) The Use of Serum-Free and Hormone-Supplemented Media (pp. 195–237). Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes D (1985) Nutritional and hormonal requirements of cells in culture. World Rev. Nutr. Dietet. 45:167–197.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes DW (1987) Serum-free animal cell culture. Biotechniques 5:534–545.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes DW and Sato GH (1980a) Serum-free cell culture: A unifying approach. Cell 22:649–655.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes D and Sato G (1980b) Methods for growth of cultured cells in serum-free medium. Anal. Biochem. 102:255–270.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes D and Sirbasku D (eds.) (1987) Peptide Growth Factors: Methods in enzymology. Vols. 146 and 147. Academic Press, Inc. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes D, Sirbasku D and Sato G (eds.) (1984) Cell Culture Methods for Molecular and Cell Biology. Vols. 1–4. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belleman P (1980) Primary monolayer culture of liver parenchymal cells and kidney cortical tubules as a useful new model for biochemical pharmacology and experimental toxicology. Arch. Toxicol. 44:63–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bettger WJ and Ham RG (1982) The nutrient requirements of mammalian cells grown in culture. Adv. Nutr. Res. 4:249–286.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bottenstein J, Hayashi I, Hutchings S, Masui H, Mather J, McClure D, Ohasa S, Rizzino A, Sato G, Serrero G, Wolfe R and Wu R (1979) The growth of cells in serum-free hormone-supplemented media. In: Jakoby WB and Pastan IH (eds.) Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 45 (pp. 94–109). Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandi M, Fitzpatrick L, Coon H and Aurbach G (1986) Bovine parathyroid cells: culture maintained for more than 140 population doublings. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:1709–1714.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang L, Siluntzer J, Pipas J and Barnes D (1985) Selection of transformed cells in serum-free media.In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 21:707–712.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davila JC, Davis PJ and Acosta D (1991) Changes in glutathione and cellular energy as potential mechanisms of papaverine induced hepatotoxicityin vitro. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 108:28–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Decad GM, Hsieh DP and Byard JL (1977) Maintenance of cytochrome P-450 and metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in primary hepatocyte culture. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 78: 279–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dickins M and Peterson RE (1980) Effects of hormone supplemented medium on cytochrome P-450 content and monooxygenase activities of rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Biochem. Pharmacol. 29:1231–1238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fry JR and Bridges JW (1979) Use of primary hepatocyte cultures in biochemical toxicology. Rev. Biochem. Toxicol. 1:201–247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert SF and Migeon BR (1975) D-Valine as a selective agent for normal human and rodent cells in culture. Cell 5:11–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guzelian PS, Bissell M and Meyer US (1977) Drug metabolism in adult rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. Gastroenterology 72:1232–1239.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ham RG (1981a) Survival and growth requirements of nontransformed cells. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 57: 13–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ham RG (1981b) Introduction: cell growth requirements—the challenge we face. In: Waymouth C, Ham RG and Chapple PJ (eds.) The Growth Requirements of Vertebrate CellsIn Vitro (pp. 1–15). Cambridge University Press. Cambridge and New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ham RG (1982) Importance of the basal nutrient medium in the design of hormonally defined media. Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation 9:39–60.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ham RG (1984a) Methods for formulation of basal nutrient media. In: Barnes D, Sirbasku D, and Sato G (eds.) Cell Culture Methods for Molecular and Cell Biology Vol. 1 (pp. 3–21). Alan R. Liss. Inc, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ham RG (1984b) Selective media. In: Pretlow TG, II and Pretlow TP (eds.) Cell Separation: Methods and Selected Applications Vol 3 (pp. 209–236) Academic Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ham RG and McKeehan WL (1978) Nutritional requirements for clonal growth of nontransformed cells. In: Katsuta H (ed.) Nutritional Requirements of Cultured Cells (pp. 63–115). Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ham RG and McKeehan WL (1979) Media and growth requirements. Methods Enzymol. 58:44–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond R, Ham R and Stampfer M (1984) Serum-free growth of human mammary epithelial cells: Rapid clonal growth in defined medium and extended serial passage with pituitary extract. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:5435–5439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imagawa W, Tomooka Y and Nandi S (1982) Serum-free growth of normal and tumor mouse mammary epithelial cells in primary cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:4074–4077.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kisby GE and Acosta D (1987) Cytotoxic effects of aluminium in hippocamapal, cerebellar and astrocyte cell cultures.In Vitro Toxicol. 1:85–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leffert HL and Paul DJ (1972) Studies on primary cultures of differentiated fetal liver cells. Cell Biol. 52:559–568.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loo DT, Fuquay JI, Rawson CL and Barnes DW (1987) Extended Culture of Mouse Embryo Cells without Sencescence: Inhibition by Serum. Science 236:200–202.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mather JP and Sato GH (1979a) The growth of mouse melanoma cells in hormone-supplemented serum-free medium. Exp. Cell. Res. 120:191–200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mather JP and Sato GH (1979b) The use of hormone-supplemented serum-free media in primary cultures. Exp. Cell. Res. 124:215–221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menon RS, Van der Haegen BA, Bartley JC and Ham RG (1987) DMBA metabolism by cultured rat mammary stromal cells.In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 23:13A (Abstract No. 8).

    Google Scholar 

  • Michalopoulos G, Sattler GL and Pitot HC (1976) Maintenance of microsomal cytochromes b5 and P-450 in primary cultures of parenchymal liver cells on collagen membranes. Life Sci. 18:1139–1144.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson KF and Acosta D (1982) Long-term maintenance and induction of cytochrome P-450 in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 31:2211–2214.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paine AJ, Hockin LJ and Allen CM (1982) Long term maintenance and induction of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver cell culture. Biochem. Pharmacol. 31:1175–1178.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmoski MJ, Masters BA, Ford SM and Flint OP (1991) Growth characteristics and measurement of confluency of rabbit primary proximal tubule kidney cells grown on Millicell-HA membrane filters. J. Tissue Culture Methods (accepted for publication).

  • Salomon DS, Liotta L and Kidwell WR (1981) Differential response to growth factors by rat mammary epithelium plated on different collagen substrata in serum free medium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:382–386.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shopsis C (1989) Validation study: Ocular irritancy prediction with the total cell protein, uridine uptake, and neutral red assays applied to human epidermal keratinocytes and mouse 3T3 cells. In: Goldberg AM (ed.) Alternative Methods in Toxicology, Vol. 7In Vitro Toxicology: New Directions (pp. 273–286). Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shopsis C and Eng B (1988) Poster A13:In vitro ocular irritancy prediction: Assays in serum-free media correlate better within vitro data. In: Goldberg AM (ed.) Alternative Methods in Toxicology, Volume 6, Progress inIn Vitro Toxicology (p. 253). Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith MA, Acosta D and Bruckner JV (1986) Development of a primary culture system of rat kidney cortical cells to evaluate the nephrotoxicity of xenobiotics. Food Chem. Toxicol. 24: 551–556.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taub M, Chuman L, Rindler M, Saier M and Sato G (1981) Alterations in growth requirements of kidney epithelial cells in defined medium associated with malignant transformation. J. Supramolec. Struct. Cell Biochem. 15:63–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waymouth C (1978) Studies on chemically defined media and nutritional requirements of cultures of epithelial cells. In: Katsuta H (ed.) Nutritional Requirements of Cultured Cells (pp. 39–61), University Park Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel DG, Wheatley JW and Byrd GD (1970) Effects of nicotine on cultured rat heart cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 17:774–785.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

References

  • Aaronson SA and Todaro GJ (1968) Basis for the acquisition of malignant potential by mouse cells cultivatedin vitro. Science 162: 1024–1026.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen TT and Heidelberger C (1969)In vitro malignant transformation of cells derived from mouse prostate in the presence of 3-methylcholanthrene. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42: 915.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Croci T and Williams GM (1985) Activities of several phase I and phase II xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes in cultured hepatocytes from male and female rats. Biochem. Pharmacol. 234: 3029–3035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deilhaug T, Myrnes B, Aune T, Krokan H and Haugen A (1985) Differential capacities for DNA repair in Clara cells, alveolar Type II cells and macrophages of rabbit lung. Carcinogenesis 6: 661–663.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Del Giudice RA and Gardella RS (1984) Mycoplasma infection of cell culture. InIn Vitro Monograph 5, Uses and Standardizations of Vertebrate Cell Cultures (pp. 104–115). Tissue Culture Association, Gaithersburg, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earle WR, Bryant JC and Schilling EL (1954) Certain factors limiting the size of the tissue culture and the development of massive cultures. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 58: 1000–1011.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fedoroff S (1966) Proposed usage of animal tissue culture terms.In Vitro 2: 155–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant MH, Smith SJ and Burke MD (1986) Strain differences in the maintenance of cytochrome P-450 and mixed function oxidase activities in cultured rat hepatocytes. Biochem. J. 239: 785–788.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green CE, LeValley SE and Tyson CA (1986) Comparison of amphetamine metabolism using isolated hepatocytes from species including human. J Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 237: 931–936.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ham RG and McKeehan WL (1979) Media and growth requirements. In: Jakboby WB and Pastan IH (eds.) Methods in Enzymology Vol LVIII. Cell Culture (pp. 44–93). Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay RJ (ed.) (1985) ATCC Quality Control Methods for Cell Lines, 1st ed., American Tissue Culture Association, Rockville, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay RJ (1988) The seed stock concept and quality control. Anal. Biochem. 171: 225–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayflick L and Moorhead PS (1961) The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. Exp. Cell Res. 25: 585–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iglewski B (1989) Communicating with the public. A new scientific imperative ASM News 55 (6): 306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iype PT, Allen TD and Pillinger DJ (1975) Certain aspects of chemical carcinogenesisin vitro using adult rat liver cells. In: Gerschenson LE and Thompson EB (eds.) Gene Expression and Carcinogenesis in Cultured Liver (pp. 425–440), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jariwalla RJ, Aurelian L and Ts’O POP (1979) Temporal acquisition of phenotypic alterations and tumorigenicity in cells exposed to DNA of Herpes simplex virus Type 2. Proc. Ann. Mtg. Amer. Assoc. Can. Res., 20: 153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linder R (1989) Letter to the Editor. ASM News 55(1).

  • Litwin J (1982) Discussion Section. In: Griffiths JB, Hennessen W, Horodniceanu F and Spier RE (eds.) Development of Biological Standards Vol. 50 (pp. 329–334), S. Karger AG, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGarrity GI, Vanaman V and Sarama J (1982) Cytogenetic effects of mycoplasmal infection of cell cultures. A review.In Vitro 20: 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • McQueen CA, Miller MJ and Williams GM (1986) Sex differences in the biotransformation of 2-acetylaminofluorene in cultured rat hepatocytes. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 2: 271–281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McQueen CA and Williams GM (1987) Toxicology studies in cultured hepatocytes from various species. In: Rauckman EJ and Padilla GM (eds.) The Isolated Hepatocytes: Use in Toxicology and Xenobiotic Biotransformations (pp. 51–67). Academic Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meredith MJ (1988) Rat hepatocytes prepared without collagenase: Prolonged retention of differentiated characteristics in culture. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 4: 405–425.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morel-Chany E, Guillouzo C, Trincal G and Szajnert M-F (1978) ‘Spontaneous’ neoplastic transformationin vitro of epithelial strains of rat liver. Cytology, growth and enzymatic activities. Eur. J. Cancer 14: 1341–1352.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson-Rees WA, Daniels WW and Flandermeyer RR (1981) Cross contamination in cell culture. Science 212: 446–452.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paine AJ (1990) The maintenance of cytochrome P-450 in rat hepatocyte culture: Some applications of liver cell cultures to the study of drug metabolism, toxicity and the induction of the P-450 system. Chem. Biol. Interact. 74: 1–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puck TT and Marcus PI (1955) A rapid method for viable cell titration and clone production with HeLa cells in tissue culture, the use of X-irradiated cells to supply conditioning factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 41: 432–437.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaeffer WI (1984). Usage of vertebrate, invertebrate and plant cell, tissue and organ culture terminology.In Vitro 20: 19–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaeffer WI (1990) Terminology associated with cell, tissue and organ culture, molecular biology and molecular genetics. Tissue Culture Association Terminology Committee.In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 26: 91–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaeffer WI and Polifka MD (1975) A diploid rat liver cell culture. III. Characteristics of the heteroploid morphological variants which develop with time in culture. Exp. Cell Res. 95: 167–175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaeffer WI and Heintz NH (1978) A diploid rat liver cell culture. III. Malignant transformation by aflatoxin-B1.In Vitro 14 (5): 418–427.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seglen PO (1973) Preparations of rat liver cells. III. Enzymatic requirements for tissue dispersion. Exp. Cell. Res. 82: 391–398.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Todaro GJ and Green H (1963) Quantitative studies of the growth of mouse embryo cells in culture and their development into established lines. J. Cell Biol. 17 (2): 299–313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lipman, J., Flint, O., Bradlaw, J. et al. Cell culture systems andin vitro toxicity testing. Cytotechnology 8, 129–176 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02525495

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02525495

Keywords

Navigation