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On the binding of ligands to macromolecules: an accurate procedure

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Il Nuovo Cimento D

Summary

The determination of equilibrium constants, seen,e.g., in the usual Scatchard plots, may be highly inaccurate because generally the values of the bound-ligand response are known with large uncertainty. A common cause of this inaccuracy stems from the use of samples that contain small amounts of free ligand, hardly avoided, or from equilibrium dialysis which is generally affected by the Donnan effect, dye losses, etc. From an analysis of this problem a simple procedure is derived here, so that, in spite of the above drawbacks, the equilibrium parameters can be obtained with better precision.

Riassunto

La determinazione delle costanti di equilibrio, come risulta per esempio dalla nota rappresentazione di Scatchard, può essere fortemente errata poiché il valore della risposta del ligando è spesso affetto da grande incertezza. Una causa frequente di questa incertezza deriva dall'uso di campioni che contengono piccole quantità di ligando libero oppure dalla dialisi di equilibrio che è spesso alterata dall'effetto Donnan, perdite di ligando, ecc. Da un'analisi di questo problema si ricava qui un metodo semplice che, nonostante gl'inconvenienti di cui sopra, permette di determinare con grande precisione i parametri di equilibrio.

Резюме

Определение постоянныш равновесия может окаться ненадежным, так как обычно величины отклика литандов известны отклика литандов известны с большой неопределенностью. Общая причина этой неопределенности связана с использованием образцов, которые содержат малое количество свободных лигандов, или с равновесным диализом, который обычно родвергается влиянию эффекта Доннана, потерям красителя и др. Из анализа этой проблемы предлагается простая процедура, которая позволяет получить рараметры равновесия с большей точностью.

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References

  1. See,e.g.,T. L. Hill:An Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics (Reading, Mass., 1960), p. 351.

  2. See,e.g., any book on chemical equilibrium such asF. Wold:Macromolecule Structure and Function (Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1971); or the original article byG. Scatchard:Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.,51, 660 (1949).

  3. J. D. McGhee andJ. von Hippel:J. Mol. Biol.,86, 469 (1974). Notice that the first plus sign in eq. (15) should be replaced by a minus sign.

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  4. G. Baldini, S. Doglia andM. Succi: manuscript in preparation.

  5. G. Baldini, B. Castoldi, G. Lucchini andA. Zedda:Nuovo Cimento D,1, 637 (1982).

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Baldini, G., Succi, M. & Varani, G. On the binding of ligands to macromolecules: an accurate procedure. Il Nuovo Cimento D 2, 1065–1074 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02457141

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02457141

PACS. 82.60

PACS. 87.15

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