“What is science is not certain; what is certain is not science.”
Abstract
The existence of a fundamental length in general relativity, the Planck length, may lead to a breakdown of Lorentz invariance of the vacuum. The third quantization introduces renormalization fields of negative energy which do not interact with matter however. This revision leads to a measurable modification of the Casimir effect and can, at least in principle, lead to an eternal universe.
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Heintzmann, H. Third quantization: The problem of the cosmic vacuum, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and the possibility of an eternal universe. Found Phys 19, 1113–1120 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01883161
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01883161