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Experience with GM-CSF in the treatment of solid tumors

GM-CSF in der Behandlung von soliden Tumoren

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Summary

The efficiency of GM-CSF to reduce myelosuppression after chemotherapy depends on the schedule of administration and the dose of chemotherapy. If conventional chemotherapy doses are given, a seven to ten day administration starting one day after the end of chemotherapy is able to reduce both degree and duration of leucopenia. A later onset is less effective, an earlier one aggravates leuco- and thrombocytopenia. The reduction of myelosuppression is accompanied by a reduction of infection rates and hospitalisation of patients due to these complications. If high-dose chemotherapy is given, GM-CSF does not markedly affect nadir values for leuco- and thrombocytes, but still shortens the duration of leucopenia. This effect is consistently seen after the initial cycles of chemotherapy, but seems to be less pronounced in later cycles. Thus, the growth factor administration allows a treatment intensification mainly by shortening of treatment intervals. Whether these modifications will improve the prognosis of patients with solid tumors is currently being investigated in small cell lung cancer in a German multicenter randomized trial.

Zusammenfassung

Die Reduktion der Myelosuppression nach Chemotherapie durch GM-CSF hängt entscheidend von dem Zeitpunkt der Applikation und der Dosis der Chemotherapie ab. Nach konventionell dosierter Chemotherapie reduziert eine sieben- bis zehntägige Gabe beginnend einen Tag nach Ende der Chemotherapie sowohl das Ausmaß als auch die Dauer der Leukopenie. Ein späterer Behandlungsbeginn ist weniger effektiv, eine Gabe gleichzeitig zur Chemotherapie führt zur Verstärkung der Leuko- und Thrombopenie. Einhergehend mit der Verminderung der Myelosuppression ist eine Reduktion der Infektionsrate und eine Verkürzung der Hospitalisation der Patienten wegen dieser Komplikationen. Wird eine Hochdosischemotherapie appliziert, so beeinflußt GM-CSF zwar die Nadirwerte für Leukound Thrombozyten nicht wesentlich, die Leukopeniedauer wird jedoch weiterhin deutlich verkürzt. Dieser Effekt ist stets nach den ersten Chemotherapiezyklen nachweisbar, in späteren Zyklen scheint er weniger deutlich ausgeprägt zu sein. Der Wachstumsfaktor erlaubt daher eine Behandlungsintensivierung in erster Linie über eine Verkürzung des Therapieintervalles. Ob derartige Modifikationen des Behandlungsschemas zu einer Verbesserung der Prognose der Patienten führen, wird derzeit in einer großen multizentrischen deutschen Studie beim kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom geprüft.

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Wolf, M., Havemann, K. Experience with GM-CSF in the treatment of solid tumors. Infection 20, S111–S115 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01705029

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