Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of pycnocline topography and water-column structure on marine distributions of alcids (Aves: Alcidae) in Anadyr Strait, Northern Bering Sea, Alaska

  • Published:
Marine Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Systematic ship-board surveys were used to simultaneously record seabird abundances and resolve coarse-scale (3 to 10 km) horizontal and fine-scale (1 to 10 m) vertical variability in water-column structure and bathymetry for portions of the coastal zone in Anadyr Strait near western St. Lawrence Island, northern Bering Sea, Alaska, during August and September 1987. Three plankton-feeding alcids, parakeet (Cyclorrhynchus psittacula), crested (Aethia cristatella) and least (A. pusilla) auklets, each exhibited distinct associations for different pycnocline characteristics. Least auklets were more abundant in mixed water, but they also occurred within stratified water where the pycnocline and upper-mixed layer were shallow (≤8 m) and thin (≤10 m), respectively. Low body mass (85 g), high buoyancy, and relatively poor diving ability may have restricted this auklet to areas where water-column strata nearly intersected the surface, or to areas from which strata were absent altogether due to strong vertical mixing. Parakeet and crested auklets, which are larger-bodied (ca. 260 g) planktivores with presumably greater diving ability, were more abundant in stratified water, and both species exhibited less specific affinities for water-column characteristic at intermediate and shallow levels. All three auklets avoided locations with strong pycnocline gradients (≤0.22σ t m−1), a crude index of the strong, subsurface shear in water velocities characteristic of this region. Auklet distributions in Anadyr Strait were consistent with: (1) strata accessibility, as estimated from relationships between body mass and relative diving ability, (2) possible avoidance of strong subsurface water motions, and (3) habits and distributions of plankton prey. In contrast, largebodied (>450 g) alcids [i.e., common (Uria aalge) and thick-billed (U. lomvia) murres, pigeon guillemots (Cephus columba), tufted (Fratercula cirrhata), and horned (F. corniculata) puffins feeding on fish or benthic invertebrates] showed no consistent relationships with either the pycnocline or upper-mixed layers. All large alcids were more common in stratified than in vertically-mixed waters, but differences in abundance between mixing regimes were small or equivocal. The only measured variable with which all large alcids were associated was total water-column depth: murres, guillemots, and puffins each used areas with shallow sea floors and avoided areas with deeper sea floors. Failure of large alcids to discriminate among foraging areas in Anadyr Strait as a function of pycnocline topography and strength may be attributable to: (1) greater reliance on large pelagic and benthic prey not associated with the pycnocline; (2) higher body mass, lower buoyancy, and greater diving ability; (3) foraging over a uniquely shallow continental shelf where all vertical strata, including the sea floor, are potentially accessible from the ocean surface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature cited

  • Ainley, D. G., Jacobs, S. S. (1981). The abundance of seabirds along ocean and ice boundaries in the Antarctic. Deep-Sea Res. 28: 1173–1185

    Google Scholar 

  • Alldredge, J. R., Ratti, J. T. (1986). Comparison of some statistical techniques for analysis of resource selection. J. Wildl. Mgmt 50: 157–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Barroclough, W. E., Lebrasseur, R. J., Kennedy, O. D. (1969). Shallow scattering layer in the subarctic Pacific Ocean: detection by high-frequency echo sounder. Science, N.Y. 166: 611–613

    Google Scholar 

  • Bédard, J. (1967). Ecological segregation among plankton-feeding Alcidae (Aethia andCyclorrhynchus). Ph.D. thesis; University of British Columbia, Vancouver

    Google Scholar 

  • Bédard, J. (1969a). Adaptive radiation in the Alcidae. Ibis 111: 189–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Bédard, J. (1969b). Feeding of the least, crested and parakeet auklets around St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. Can. J. Zool. 47: 1025–1050

    Google Scholar 

  • Bédard, J. (1976). Coexistence, coevolution and convergent evolution in seabird communities: a comment. Ecology 57: 177–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Birkhead, T. R., Nettleship, D. N. (1987). Ecological relationships between common murres,Uria aalge, and thick-billed murres,Uria lomvia, at the Gannet Islands, Labrador. III. Feeding ecology of the young. Can. J. Zool. 65: 1638–1649

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradstreet, M. S. W. (1979). Thick-billed murres and black guillemots in the Barrow Strait area, N.W.T., during spring: distribution and habitat use. Can. J. Zool. 57: 1789–1802

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradstreet, M. S. W. (1980). Thick-billed murres and black guillemots in the Barrow Strait area, N.W.T., during spring: diets and food availability along ice edges. Can. J. Zool. 58: 2120–2140

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradstreet, M. S. W., Brown, R. G. B. (1985). Feeding ecology of the Atlantic Alcidae. In: Nettleship, D. N., Birkhead, T. R. (eds.) The Atlantic Alcidae. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, p. 263–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, K. T., Ainley, D. G., Spear, L. B., Adams, P. B., Smith, S. E. (1988). Distribution and diet of Cassin's auklet and common murre in relation to central California upwellings. In: Oulett, H. (ed.) Proceedings of the 19th International Ornithological Congress, Ottawa, 1986. University of Ottawa Press, Ottawa, p. 982–990

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, K. T., Tyler, W. B., Lewis, D. B. (1985). Comparison of ship and aerial surveys of birds at sea. J. Wildl. Mgmt 49: 405–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, K. T., Tyler, W. B., Lewis, D. B., Carlson, D. R. (1987). Bird communities at sea off California: 1975 to 1983. Stud. avian Biol. 11: 1–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. G. B. (1980). Seabirds as marine mammals. In: Burger, J., Olla, B., Winn, H. E. (eds.) Behavior of marine animals. Plenum Press, New York, p. 1–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. G. B. (1988). Oceanographic factors as determinants of the winter range of the dovekie (Alle alle) off Atlantic Canada. Colon. Waterbirds 11: 176–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. G. B., Gaskin, D. E. (1988). The pelagic ecology of the grey and red-necked phalaropesPhalaropus fulicarius andP. lobatus in the Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada. Ibis 130: 234–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, P. J., Jones, D. R. (1982). The comparative physiology of diving in vertebrates. In: Lowenstein, O. (ed.) Advances in comparative physiology and biochemistry. Academic Press, New York, p. 180–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Byers, C. R., Steinhorst, R. K., Krausman, P. R. (1984). Clarification of a technique for analysis of utilization-availability data. J. Wildl. Mgmt 48: 1050–1053

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, D. K. (1987a). Diet and foraging ecology of black guillemots in northeastern Hudson Bay. Can. J. Zool. 65: 1257–1263

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, D. K. (1987b). The ecology and energetics of chick provisioning by black guillemots. Condor 89: 627–635

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, D. K., Bredin, K. A., Birt, V. L., Montevecchi, W. A. (1987b). Electronic activity recorders for aquatic wildlife. J. Wildl. Mgmt 51: 395–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, D. K., Bredin, K. A., Montevecchi, W. A. (1987a). Activity budgets and foraging ranges of breeding common murres. Auk 104: 218–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, D. K., Schneider, D. C. (1990). Hot spots in cold water: feeding habitat selection by thick-billed murres. Stud. avian Biol. 14: 52–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatfield, C. (1980). The analysis of time series: an introduction. Chapman & Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Coachman, L. K., Aagaard, K., Tripp, R. B. (1975). Bering Strait: the regional physical oceanography. University of Washington Press, Seattle

    Google Scholar 

  • Cody, M. L. (1973). Coexistence, coevolution and convergent evolution in seabird communities. Ecology 54: 31–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Croxall, J. P., Davis, R. W., O'Connell, M. J. (1988). Diving patterns in relation to diet of gentoo and macaroni penguins at South Georgia. Condor 90: 157–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, R. H., Byrd, G. V. (1989). Food habits of the whiskered auklet at Buldir Island, Alaska. Condor 91: 65–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, R. H., DeGange, A. R., Divoky, G. J., Troy, D. M. (1988). Distribution and subspecies of the dovekie in Alaska. Condor 90: 712–714

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, D. C., Todd, F. S., Siegfried, W. R. (1987). Submarine foraging behavior of alcids in an artificial environment. Zoo Biol. 6: 373–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikstad, K. E., Vader, W. (1989). Capelin selection by common and Brunnich's guillemots during the prelaying season. Ornis scand. 20: 151–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Fay, F. H., Cade, T. J. (1959). An ecological analysis of the avifauna of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. Univ. Calif. Publs Zool. 63: 73–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Flint, V. E., Golovkin, A. N. (eds.) (1989). Birds of the U.S.S.R. Shorebirds: family Alcidae. Akademii nauk, Moscow [In Russian]

    Google Scholar 

  • Follett, W. I., Ainley, D. G. (1976). Fishes collected by pigeon guillemots,Cepphus columba Pallas, nesting on southeastern Farallon Island, California. Calif. Fish Game 62: 28–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, L. S. (1990). A note on statistical power. Auk 107: 438–439

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaston, A. J., Nettleship, D. N. (1981). The thick-billed murres of Prince Leopold Island — a study of the breeding biology of a colonial, high arctic seabird. Monograph Ser. Can. Wildl. Serv. 6: 1–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, R. H. (1979). Sampling design and statistical methods for environmental biologists. John Wiley & Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, C. H., Wiebe, P. H. Burczynski, J., Youngbluth, M. J. (1988). Acoustical detection of high-density krill demersal layers in the submarine canyons off Georges Bank. Science, N.Y. 241: 359–361

    Google Scholar 

  • Haney, J. C. (1989). Iterative techniques for characterizing marine bird habitats with time-series of satellite images. Colon. Waterbirds 12: 78–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Haney, J. C., McGillivary, P. A. (1985). Midshelf fronts in the South Atlantic Bight and their influence on seabird distribution and seasonal abundance. Biol. Oceanogr. 3: 401–430

    Google Scholar 

  • Haney, J. C., Solow, A. R. (1991). Analyzing quantitative relationships between seabirds and marine resource patches. In: Power, D. M. (ed.) Current ornithology. Vol. 9. Plenum Press, New York (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haney, J. C., Stone, A. E. (1988). Littoral foraging by red phalaropes during spring in the northern Bering Sea. Condor 90: 723–726

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanowski, J. M., Niemi, G. J., Blake, J. G. (1990). Statistical perspectives and experimental design when counting birds on line transects. Condor 92: 326–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansell, D. A., Goering, J. J., Walsh, J. J., McRoy, C. P., Coachman, L. K., Whitledge, T. E. (1989). Summer phytoplankton production and transport along the shelf break in the Bering Sea. Contin. Shelf Res. 12: 1085–1104

    Google Scholar 

  • Harder, W. (1968). Reactions of plankton organisms to water stratification. Limnol. Oceanogr. 13: 156–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, N. M. (1984). Predation on jellyfish and their associates by seabirds. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29: 1335–1337

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, N. M. (1987). Foraging behavior and coexistence of seabirds in the Bering Sea. Ph.D. thesis. University of California, Irvine

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, N. M. (1990). Gelatinous zooplankton in the diet of the parakeet auklet: comparisons with other auklets. Stud. avian Biol. 14: 114–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Highsmith, R. C., Coyle, K. O. (1990). High productivity of northern Bering Sea amphipods. Nature, Lond. 344: 862–864

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochberg, Y. (1988). A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance. Biometrika 75: 800–802

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, G. L., Jr., Harrison, N. M. (1990). Foraging habitat and prey taken by least auklets at King Island, Alaska. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 65: 141–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, G. L., Jr., Harrison, N. M., Cooney, R. T. (1990). The influence of hydrographic structure and prey abundance on foraging least auklets. Stud. avian Biol. 14: 7–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, G. L., Jr., Harrison, N. M., Hamner, W. M., Obst, B. S. (1988). Observations of a mixed-species flock of birds foraging on euphausiids near St. Matthew Island, Bering Sea. Auk 105: 345–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurlbert, S. H. (1984). Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol. Monogr. 54: 187–211

    Google Scholar 

  • James, F. C., McCulloch, C. E. (1985). Data analysis and the design of experiments in ornithology. In: Johnston, F. (ed.) Current ornithology. Vol. 2. Plenum Press, New York, p. 1–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinder, T. H., Coachman, L. K., Galt, J. A. (1975). The Bering Slope current system. J. phys. Oceanogr. 5: 231–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinder, T. H., Hunt, G. L., Schneider, D. C., Schumacher, J. D. (1983). Correlation between seabirds and oceanic fronts around the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Estuar., cstl Shelf Sci. 16: 309–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooyman, G. L., Davis, R. W. (1987). Diving behavior and performance, with special reference to penguins. In: Croxall, J. P. (ed.) Seabirds: feeding ecology and role in marine ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 63–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuletz, K. J. (1983). Mechanisms and consequences of foraging behaviour in a population of breeding pigeon guillemots. M.Sc. thesis. University of California, Irvine

    Google Scholar 

  • Lande, R., Yentsch, C. S. (1988). Internal waves, primary production and the compensation depth of marine phytoplankton. J. Plankton Res. 10: 565–571

    Google Scholar 

  • Locke, A., Corey, S. (1989). Amphipods, isopods and surface currents: a case for passive dispersal in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. J. Plankton Res. 11: 419–430

    Google Scholar 

  • Macaulay, M., English, T., Mathisen, O. (1984). Acoustic characterization of swarms of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) from Elephant Island and Bransfield Strait. J. Crustacean Biol. 4: 16–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauchline, J. (1980). The biology of mysids and euphausiids. Adv. mar. Biol. 18: 1–681

    Google Scholar 

  • McRoy, C. P., Goering, J. J., Shields, W. S. (1972). Studies of primary production in the eastern Bering Sea. In: Takenouti, A. Y. (ed.) Biological oceanography of the northern Pacific Ocean. Idemitsu Shoten, Tokyo, p. 199–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. G. (1986). Beyond ANOVA: basics of applied statistics. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Motoda, S., Minoda, T. (1974). Plankton of the Bering Sea. In: Hood, D. W., Kelly, E. J. (eds.) Oceanography of the Bering Sea. Occasional Publ. No. 2, Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, p. 207–241. (Occ. Publs Inst. mar. Sci. Univ. Alaska)

    Google Scholar 

  • Neu, C. W., Byers, C. R., Peek, J. M. (1974). A technique for analysis of utilization-availability data. J. Wildl. Mgmt 38: 541–545

    Google Scholar 

  • Nihoul, J. C. J., Deleersnijder, D., Djenidi, S. (1987). Advection and mixing of coastal water on high latitude shelves. Vol. 4-2. Circulation modeling. (Unpublished Rep. Inner Shelf Transfer and Recycling Project 1987. University of Liege, Belgium)

  • NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) (1988). Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas: coastal and ocean zones strategic assessment data atlas. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obst, B. S., Hunt, G. L., Jr. (1990). Marine birds feed at gray whale mud plumes in the Bering Sea. Auk 107: 678–688

    Google Scholar 

  • Piatt, J. F. (1987). Behavioral ecology of common murre and Atlantic puffin predation on capelin: implications for population biology. Ph.D. thesis; Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's

    Google Scholar 

  • Piatt, J. F., Hatch, S. A., Roberts, B. D., Lidster, W. W., Wells, J. L., Haney, J. C. (1988). Populations, productivity, and feeding habits of seabirds on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. (Unpublished Final Rep. Outer Continental Shelf Study, Alaska Fish Wildl. Res. Cent., U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Anchorage, Alaska: MMS 88-0022)

  • Piatt, J. F., Nettleship, D. N. (1985). Diving depths of four alcids. Auk 102: 293–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Piatt, J. F., Roberts, B. D., Hatch, S. A. (1990). Colony attendance and population monitoring of least and crested auklets on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. Condor 92: 97–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, H. J. (1989). Swimming behavior of krill in response to algal patches: a mesocosm study. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34: 649–659

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, J., Richardson, K. (1989). Response ofGonyaulax tamarensis to the presence of a pycnocline in an artificial water column. J. Plankton Res. 11: 747–762

    Google Scholar 

  • Roe, H. S. J. (1983). Vertical distributions of euphausiids and fish in relation to light intensity in the northeastern Atlantic. Mar. Biol. 77: 287–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Rom, D. M. (1990). A sequentially rejective test procedure based on a modified Bonferroni inequality. Biometrika 77: 663–665

    Google Scholar 

  • Roseneau, D. G., Springer, A. M., Murphy, E. C., Springer, M. I. (1985). Population and trophic studies of seabirds in the northern Bering and eastern Chukchi seas, 1981. In: Environmental assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf. Vol. 30. Bureau of Land Management/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program, Boulder, Colorado, p. 1–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Sambrotto, R. H., Goering, J. J., McRoy, C. P. (1984). Large yearly production of phytoplankton in western Bering Strait. Science, N.Y. 225: 1147–1150

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, D. C., Harrison, N. M., Hunt, G. L., Jr. (1987). Variation in the occurrence of marine birds at fronts in the Bering Sea. Estuar., cstl Shelf Sci. 25: 135–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Sealy, S. G. (1968). A comparative study of breeding ecology and timing in plankton-feeding alcids (Cyclorrhynchus andAethia spp.) on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. M.Sc. thesis. University of British Columbia, Vancouver

    Google Scholar 

  • Sealy, S. G. (ed.) (1990). Auks at sea. Stud. avian Biol. 14: 1–180

  • Sealy, S. G., Bédard, J. (1973). Breeding biology of the parakeet auklet (Cyclorrhynchus psittacula) on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. Astarte 6: 59–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Searing, G. F. (1977). Some aspects of the ecology of cliff-nesting seabirds at Kongkok Bay, St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, during 1976. In: Environmental assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf. Vol. 5. Bureau of Land Management/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program, Boulder, Colorado, p. 263–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons, T. R. (1981). Feeding behavior of captive alcids. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Mauii, Hawaii (unpublished report)

    Google Scholar 

  • Snedecor, G. W., Cochran, W. G. (1980). Statistical methods. 7th ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokal, R. R., Rohlf, F. J. (1981). Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 2nd ed. W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Sowls, A. L., Hatch, S. A., Lensink, C. J. (1978). Catalog of Alaskan seabird colonies. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska

    Google Scholar 

  • Spring, L. (1971). A comparison of functional and morphological adaptations in the common murre (Uria aalge) and thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia). Condor 73: 1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Springer, A. M., McRoy, C. P., Turco, K. R. (1989). The paradox of pelagic food webs in the northern Bering Sea. II. Zooplankton communities. Contin. Shelf Res. 9: 359–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Springer, A. M., Murphy, E. C., Roseneau, D. G., McRoy, C. P., Cooper, B. A. (1987). The paradox of pelagic food webs in the northern Bering Sea. I. Seabird food habits. Contin. Shelf Res. 7: 895–911

    Google Scholar 

  • Springer, A. M., Roseneau, D. G. (1985). Copepod-based food webs: auklets and oceanography in the Bering Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 21: 229–237

    Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, J. D. H. (1958). Solar radiation penetrating the ocean: a review of requirements, data and methods of measurement, with particular reference to photosynthetic productivity. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 15: 453–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Stonehouse, B. (1967). The general biology and thermal balance of penguins. Adv. Ecol. Res. 4: 131–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Swartz, L. G. (1967). Distribution and movements of birds in the Bering and Chukchi seas. Pacif. Sci. 21: 332–347

    Google Scholar 

  • Tacha, T. C., Warde, W. D., Burnham, K. P. (1982). Use and interpretation of statistics in wildlife journals. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 10: 355–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Tasker, M. L., Jones, P. H., Dixon, T., Blaker, B. F. (1984). Counting seabirds at sea from ships: a review of methods employed and a suggestion for a standardized approach. Auk 101: 567–577

    Google Scholar 

  • Uspenski, S. M. (1958). The bird bazaars of Novaya Zemlya. Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Canada. [Transl., Russian Game Rep. No. 4]

    Google Scholar 

  • Vermeer, K., Sealy, S. G., Sanger, G. A. (1987). Feeding ecology of the Alcidae in the eastern North Pacific. In: Croxall, J. P. (ed.) Seabirds: feeding ecology and role in marine ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 189–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahl, T. R., Ainley, D. G., Benedict, A. H., DeGange, A. R. (1989). Associations between seabirds and water-masses in the northern Pacific Ocean in summer. Mar. Biol. 103: 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Weimerskirch, H., Bartle, J. A., Jouventin, P., Stahl, J. C. (1988). Foraging ranges and partitioning of feeding zones in three species of southern albatrosses. Condor 90: 214–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, M. D. (1989). Maximum diving depths of the Adélie penguin,Pygoscelis adeliae, during chick rearing period, in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. Polar Biol. 9: 329–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolanski, E., Hamner, W. M. (1988). Topographically controlled fronts in the ocean and their biological influence. Science, N.Y. 24: 177–181

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. J. C. Haney

    Present address: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, 02543, Massachusetts, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alaska Fish and Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East Tudor Road, 99503, Anchorage, Alaska, USA

    J. C. Haney

Authors
  1. J. C. Haney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Communicated by M.G. Hadfield, Honolulu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Haney, J.C. Influence of pycnocline topography and water-column structure on marine distributions of alcids (Aves: Alcidae) in Anadyr Strait, Northern Bering Sea, Alaska. Mar. Biol. 110, 419–435 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01344361

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01344361

Keywords

Search

Navigation