Abstract
Brown rice of IR36 and IR42 check samples from the 1982 dry and wet season yield trials showed good correlation of milled-rice protein and brown-rice protein (r=0.97**,n=40) with 10% bran-polish removal by an emery abrasive mill. Among selected grain samples of both varieties, 80 to 86% of brown-rice protein was retained in the milled rice with both friction and abrasive mills. Stereological morphometry of 1-µm-thick sections showed that endosperm storage protein decreases in amount with increasing distance from the aleurone layer. A similar protein gradient was found in both average-protein and high-protein samples. Milling removed all of the pericarp, seed coat and nucellus, and virtually all of the aleurone layer and embryo, but removed very little of the nonaleurone endosperm, except from the lateral ridges.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bechtel DB, Juliano BO (1980) Formation of protein bodies in the starchy endosperm of rice (Oryza sativa L.): a re-investigation. Ann Bot 45:503–509
Bhashyam MK, Srinivas T (1984) Varietal differences in the topography of rice grain and its influence on milling quality. J Food Sci 49:393–395, 401
Blakeney AB (1979) Rice grain quality evaluation in Australia. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Chemical Aspects of Rice Grain Quality. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines: Int Rice Res Inst, pp 115–121
Bradbury JH, Collins JG, Pyliotis NA (1980) Methods of separation of the major histological components of rice and characterization of their proteins by amino acid analysis. Cereal Chem 57:133–137
Bradbury JH, Collins JG, Pyliotis NA (1980) Amino acid analyses of the proteins of the major histological components of a high-protein rice. Cereal Chem 57:343–346
Cagampang GB, Cruz LJ, Espiritu SG, Santiago RG, Juliano BO (1966) Studies on the extraction and composition of rice proteins. Cereal Chem 43:145–155
Gates PJ, Oparka KJ (1982) The use of the fluorescent probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid as a histochemical stain in plant tissues. Plant Cell Environ 5:251–256
Ghosh AK, Mitra GN, Sampath S (1976) Genetic improvement of protein content in rice. Indian J Agric Sci 46:26–32
Harris N, Juliano BO (1977) Ultrastructure of endosperm protein bodies in developing rice grains differing in protein content. Ann Bot 41:1–5
Houston DF (1967) High-protein flour can be made from all types of milled rice. Rice J 70(9):12–15
Juliano BO, Cagampang GB, Cruz LJ, Santiago RG (1964) Some physicochemical properties of rice in Southeast Asia. Cereal Chem 41:275–286
Juliano BO, Perez CM, Gomez KA (1972) Variability in protein content of rice. Kalikasan Philippine J Biol 1:74–81
Juliano BO, Antonio AA, Esmama BV (1973) Effects of protein content on the distribution and properties of rice protein. J Sci Food Agric 24:295–306
Kaul AK, Dhar RD, Swaminathan MS (1969) Microscopic screening of rice grains for protein characteristics. Current Sci India 38:529–531
Kaul AK, Khan MRI, Munir KM (1982) Rice quality. A survey of Bangladesh germplasm. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 178 pp
Mitsuda H, Murakami K (1969) Protein body isolated from rice endosperm. Physiology of plants 8(1/2):1–5 (in Japanese)
Resurreccion AP, Juliano BO, Tanaka Y (1979) Nutrient content and distribution in milling fractions of rice grain. J Sci Food Agric 30:475–481
Rosario AR del, Briones VP, Vidal AJ, Juliano BO (1968) Composition and endosperm structure of developing and mature rice kernel. Cereal Chem 45:225–235
Shams-Ud-Din Md, Bhattacharya KR (1978) On the meaning of the degree of milling of rice. J Food Technol 13:99–105
Srinivas T, Desikachar HSR (1974) Removal of bran and aleurone layers at different points on the surface of rice grain during progressive polishing. J Food Sci Technol 11:83–84
Vilawan S, Siddiq EA (1973) Study on mutational manipulation of protein characteristics of rice. Theor Appl Genetics 43:276–280
Weibel ER (1969) Stereological principles for morphometry in electron microscopic cytology. Int Rev Cytol 26:235–302
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ellis, J.R., Villareal, C.P. & Juliano, B.O. Protein content, distribution and retention during milling of brown rice. Plant Food Hum Nutr 36, 17–26 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01091749
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01091749