Abstract
We present a qualitative model and data in evidence for the selection and stabilization of neocortical brain-wave power spectral modes by slow periodic and fast noise driving by brain stem neurons. Unlike noise effects in a bistable potential, increasing noise amplitude via more brain stem neurons increases the measure on unstable manifolds trapped in the saddle-sinks of the neural membrane attractor andincreases dwell times. We suggest that the effect of noise in expanding dynamical systems such as the generalized neuronal membrane equations studied here may be analogous to that of many-frequency quasiperiodic driving which leads to the stabilization of the EEG as a strange, nonchaotic attractor.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. A. Selz and A. J. Mandell, Bernoulli partition-equivalence of intermittent neuronal discharge patterns,Int. J. Bif. Chaos 1:717–722 (1991).
S. L. Foote and J. H. Morrison, Extrathalamic modulation of cortical function,Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 10:67–95 (1987).
A. J. Mandell and K. A. Selz, Period adding, hierarchical protein modes and electroencephalographically defined states of consciousness, inFirst Experimental Chaos Conference, S. Vohra, M. Spano, M. Shlesinger, L. Pecora, and W. Ditto, eds. (World Scientific, Singapore, 1992).
A. J. Mandell, K. A. Selz, and M. F. Shlesinger, Some comments on the weaving of contemporary minds; resonant neuronal quasiperiodicity, period adding, and0(2) symmetry in the EEG, inMeasuring Chaos in the Human Brain, D. Duke and W. Pritchard, eds. (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991).
A. Bulsara, E. W. Jacobs, T. Zhou, F. Moss, and L. Kiss, Stochastic resonance in a single neuron model: Theory and analog simulation,J. Theor. Biol. 152:531–555 (1991).
A. Longtin, A. Bulsara, and F. Moss, Time-interval sequences in bistable systems and the noise-induced transmission of information by sensory neurons,Phys. Rev. Lett. 67:656–659 (1991).
M. P. Paulus, S. F. Gass, and A. J. Mandell, A realistic, minimal “middle layer” for neural networks,Physica D 40:135–155 (1989).
E. D. Adrian, F. Bremer, and H. H. Jasper,Brain Mechanisms and Consciousness (Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1954).
J. L. Cummings,Subcortical Dementia (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990).
A. J. Mandell and M. F. Shlesinger, Lost choices; parallelism and topological entropy decrements in neurobiological aging, inThe Ubiguity of Chaos (AAAS Press, Washington, D.C., 1990).
W. S. McCulloch and W. Pitts, A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity,Bull. Math. Biophys. 5:115–133 (1943).
D. Colquhoun and F. Sigworth, Fitting and statistical analysis of single-channel records, inSingle Channel Recording, B. Sakmann and E. Neher, eds. (Plenum Press, New York, 1983).
L. S. Liebovitch, Testing fractal and Markov models of ion channel kinetics,Biophys. J. 55:373–377 (1989).
M. F. Shlesinger, Fractal time in condensed matter physics,Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 39:269–290 (1988).
A. J. Mandell, From intermittency to transitivity in neuropsychobiological flows,Am. J. Physiol. 245:R484-R494 (1983).
A. J. Mandell and J. A. S. Kelso, Dissipative and statistical mechanics of amine neuron activity, inEssays on Classical and Quantum Dynamics, J. A. Ellison and H. Uberall, eds. (Gordon and Breach, Philadelphia, 1991).
A. J. Mandell and K. A. Selz, Is the EEG a strange attractor? Brain stem neuronal discharge patterns and electroencephalographic rhythms, inThe Impact of Chaos on Science and Society, C. Grebogi and J. Yorke, eds. (United Nations Press, Tokyo, 1992).
M. Levi, Qualitative analysis of the periodically forced relaxation oscillations,AMS Mem. #244 (1981).
J. P. Eckmann and D. Ruelle, Ergodic theory of chaos and strange attractors,Rev. Mod. Phys. 57:617–656 (1985).
K. P. Scholz and J. H. Byrne, Intercellular injection of cyclic AMP induces a long-term reduction of neuronal potassium current,Science 240:1664–1666 (1987).
J. P. Keener, Analog circuitry for the van der Pol and FitzHugh-Nagumo equations,IEEE SMC-13:1010–1014 (1983).
J. Grasman, E. J. Veling, and G. M. Willems, Relaxation oscillations governed by a van der Pol equation with periodic forcing term,SIAM J. Appl. Math. 31:667–676 (1976).
M. Steriade and R. W. McCarley,Brain Stem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep (Plenum Press, New York, 1990).
W. R. Klemm and R. P. Vertes,Brainstem Mechanisms of Behavior (Wiley, New York, 1990).
W. G. Walter,The Living Brain (Norton, New York, 1953).
L. S. Young, Stochastic stability of hyperbolic attractors,Ergodic Theory Dynamic Syst. 6:311–319 (1986).
Y. Kifer,Random Perturbations of Dynamical Systems (Birkhauser, Boston, 1988).
D. Ruelle,Chaotic Evolution and Strange Attractors (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989).
E. D. Adrian, F. Bremer, and H. H. Jasper,Brain Mechanisms and Consciousness (Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1954).
I. Kan and J. A. Yorke, Antimonotonicity: Concurrent creation and annihilation of periodic orbits,Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 23:469–476 (1990).
D. Ruelle, Small random perturbations of dynamical systems and the definition of attractors,Commun. Math. Phys. 82:137–151 (1981).
F. Moss and P. V. E. McClintock,Noise in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989).
E. D. Adrian and B. H. C. Matthews, The Berger rhythm: Potential changes from the occipital lobes in man,Brain 57:355–384 (1934).
E. Basar,EEG-Brain Dynamics (Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1980).
J. P. Crutchfield and B. A. Huberman, Fluctuations and the onset of chaos,Phys. Lett. 77A:407–410 (1980).
C. Shagass, Electrical activity of the brain, inPsychophysiology, N. S. Greenfield and R. Sternbach, eds. (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 1972).
A. Babloyantz and A. Dextexhe, Low dimensional chaos in an instance of epilepsy,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:3513–3517 (1986).
A. Babloyantz, J. M. Salazar, and C. Nicolis, Evidence of chaotic dynamics of brain activity during the sleep cycle,Phys. Lett. 111A:152–156 (1985).
D. Gallez and A. Babloyantz, Lyapounov exponents for nonuniform attractors, Preprint (1991).
P. E. Rapp, Chaos in the neurosciences: Cautionary tales from the frontier, Preprint (1992).
C. Grebogi, E. Ott, S. Pelikans, and J. A. Yorke, Strange attractors that are not chaotic,Physica 13D:261–268 (1984).
F. J. Romeiras and E. Ott, Strange nonchaotic attractors of the damped pendulum with quasiperiodic forcing,Phys. Rev. A 35:4404–4411 (1987).
W. L. Ditto, M. L. Spano, H. T. Savage, S. N. Rauseo, J. Heagy, and E. Ott, Experimental observations of a strange nonchaotic attractor,Phys. Rev. Lett. 65:533–536 (1990).
A. Wolf, J. B. Swift, H. L. Swinney, and J. A. Vastano, Determining Lyapounov exponents from a time series,Physica 16D:285–317 (1985).
P. E. Rapp, T. R., Bashore, J. M. Martinerie, A. M. Albano, I. D. Zimmerman, and A. I. Mees, Dynamics of brain electrical activity,Brain Topography 2:99–118 (1989).
J. Heagy and W. L. Ditto, Dynamics of a two-frequency parametrically driven Duffing oscillator,J. Nonlinear Sci. 1:423–455 (1991).
A. I. Mees and P. E. Rapp, Identifying state space dimension from outputs of nonlinear systems, Preprint (1990).
G. K. Aghajanian, R. Y. Wang, and J. Baraban, Serotonergic and nonserotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe,Brain Res. 153:169–175 (1978).
R. Vertes, A PHA-L analysis of ascending projections of dorsal raphe nucleus in rat,J. Comp. Neurol. 313:643–668 (1992).
J. M. Fuster and R. F. Doctor, Variations of optic lobe evoked potentials as a function of reticular activity in rabbits with implanted electrodes,J. Neurophysiol. 25:324–336 (1962).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mandell, A.J., Selz, K.A. Brain stem neuronal noise and neocortical “resonance”. J Stat Phys 70, 355–373 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01053973
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01053973