Abstract
Using the bony reference points: Nasion (N), Tuberculum sellae (Ts), Bregma (B), Lambda (L) as well as Twining's line (Tw) the normal position of bregma, lambda and internal occipital protuberance can be expressed in proportional measures by the ratios: N-Ts/B, N-Ts/L and N-Ts/Tw. Thus the growth rate of the human calvaria is expressed as a proportion of the anterior cranial base and found to be independent of the shape and age of the skull.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bergerhoff, W., Martin, A.: Messungen von Winkeln und Strecken am Röntgenbild des Schädels von Säuglingen und Kleinkindern. Fortschr. Geb. Roentgenstr. Nuklearmed.80, 742 (1954)
Bützler, H.-O., Friedmann, G., Gawlich, R.: Plain film findings of the skull in hydrocephalus and normal infants during the first months of life. Ann. Radiol. (Paris)16, 245 (1973)
Drey, L.: Roentgenographic study of the growth of the skull. Ann. Paediat.188, 182 (1957)
Ebel, Kl.-D.: Craniometry of pathologically shaped skull Ann. Radiol. (Paris)16, 239 (1973)
Krogness, K. G., Nyland, H.: Cranial base indices. The growth rate of the cranial base between Nasion and Inion. (In press)
Silverman, F. N.: An introduction to roentgenographic cephalometry. In: H. F. Kaufmann (Ed.): Skull Spine and Contents. Prog. Pediat. Radiol.5, 137 Basel: Karger 1976
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nyland, H., Krogness, K.G. The normal calvaria indices of the human skull 1. Absolute measurements 2. Proportional measurements. Pediatr Radiol 7, 1–3 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00975327
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00975327