Microscopic mechanism for the macroscopic asymmetry of superconductivity

Abstract

Some of the physical implications involved in self-consistently selecting a superconducting (nonequivalent) representation for the BCS Hamiltonian are developed and discussed. This is done by comparing the phase symmetry of our system in original variables with that same symmetry when written in terms of physical variables. It is shown explicitly that Goldstone's theorem is satisfied and that dynamical rearrangement of symmetry has taken place in going from original to physical variables. Thus, it is found that the original phase symmetry transformation is taken up by physical “massless” fields and that the Bose-Einstein condensations of these fields in the physical (superconducting) ground state produce the asymmetry by “printing” the quantum electron numbern on that state.