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Reversal of acquired cisplatin resistance by nicotinamide in vitro and in vivo

  • Original Articles
  • Cisplatin Resistance, Nicotinamide, Chemosensitization, Rat Ovarian Tumor Cell Lines, Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase
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Abstract

At a concentration of 2.5 mM, nicotinamide (NA), an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of cisplatin (DDP) in a DDP-resistant rat ovarian tumor cell line (O-342/DDP) in vitro, whereas the same treatment had no substantial effect on DDP's cytotoxic activity against the DDP-sensitive parental line (O-342). Furthermore, in a nude mouse model where the O-342/DDP tumor grew intraperitoneally, whereas DDP given alone at 1 mg/kg ×3 exhibited no antitumor activity as compared with control values due to the resistance, NA given at a nontoxic dose (5 mmol/kg ×3) significantly increased the mean survival time (MST) of the tumor-bearing NMRI nude mice from 20.7 days in the DDP-treated group to 29.0 days in the combination group. Mechanism studies showed that endogenous PARP activity (incorporation of tritiated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, [3H]-NAD) was 2.6 times higher in O-342/DDP than in O-342 cells and that the presence of 2.5 mM NA during the incubation with the isotope resulted in 73.3% inhibition of the enzyme activity in O-342/DDP cells but in only about 30% inhibition in the sensitive line. However, treatment with NA during and after DDP exposure failed to produce any significant effect on the formation of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) but decreased the induction of DNA interstrand cross-links (ISCL) by DDP in the sensitive and resistant cell lines. These results suggest that NA might have some clinical potential in reversing DDP resistance, and further studies are therefore warranted to confirm the resistance-reversing effect of NA in other DDP-resistant cell lines.

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Abbreviations

DDP:

cisplatin,cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)

ID50 :

50% inhibitory dose

ISCL:

DNA interstrand cross-links; MST, mean survival time

NAD:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

PARP:

poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (formerly ADPRT; ADP-ribosyl transferase)

SSB:

DNA single-strand breaks

TCA:

trichloroacetic acid

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Author notes

  1. Guan Chen

    Present address: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Room JF-525, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, 02115, Boston, MA, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division 0420, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Guan Chen & W. Jens Zeller

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  1. Guan Chen
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Chen, G., Zeller, W.J. Reversal of acquired cisplatin resistance by nicotinamide in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 33, 157–162 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00685335

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