Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

ATP content and adenylate energy charge of the mussel Mytilus edulis during the annual reproductive cycle in Lindåspollene, Western Norway

  • Published:
Marine Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Adenine nucleotide levels and the adenylate energy charge (EC) ratio of Mytilus edulis L. were determined at monthly intervals over a one-year cycle. The ATP concentration ranged from 2.7 to 4.7 mg · g-1 dry weight, being significantly (P<0.05) higher in spering and summer than in autumn and winter. The EC ratio ranged from 0.76 to 0.90 (annual mean 0.84), with the lowest values being found in the autumn. The change in the ATP concentration was related to the annual nutritional and reproductive cycle, as revealed by significant correlations with parameters such as gonad indexes, the contents of carbohydrate and ash, the calorific content, and the individual dry weight. The significant (P<0.001) seasonal variations in EC reflected mainly variations in the AMP content and showed no clear-cut relation to the overall annual reproductive cycle. It appears that the seasonal variations in the ATP concentration and the EC ratio to a large degree reflected changing weight-proportions of different tissues containing different amounts of adenine nucleotides.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  • Ansell, A. D.: The adenosine triphosphate content of some marine bivalve molluscs. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 28, 269–283 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Båmstedt, U. and H. R. Skjoldal: Studies on the deep-water pelagic community of Korsfjorden, western Norway. Adenosine phosphates and nucleic acids in Euchaeta norvegica (Copepoda) in relation to its life cycle. Sarsia 60, 63–80 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, A. G. and D. E. Atkinson: Adenine nucleotide concentrations and turnover rates. Their correlation with biological activity in bacteria and yeast. Adv. microb. Physiol. 15, 253–306 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, A. G., L. Fall and D. E. Atkinson: Adenylate energy charge in Escherichia coli during growth and starvation. J. Bact. 108, 1072–1086 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, J. P. and A. H. Devol: Adenosine triphosphate and adenylate energy charge in marine sediments. Mar. Biol. 56, 175–182 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombs, J., P. J. Halicki, O. Holm-Hansen and B. E. Volcani: Studies on the biochemistry and fine structure of silica shell formation in diatoms. Changes in concentration of nucleoside triphosphates during synchronized division of Cylindrotheca fusiformis Reimann and Lewin. Exp. Cell Res. 47, 302–314 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, O., O. J. Østvedt and U. Lie: An introduction to a study of the marine ecosystem and the local herring stock in Lindåspollene. Fiskeridir. Skr. Ser. Havunders. 16, 148–158 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Davison, J. A. and G. H. Fynn: The assay of ATP by the luciferin-luciferase method. Interference by a bacterial phosphatase enzyme stable to perchlorate treatment. Anal. Biolchem. 58, 632–637 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Delmer, D. P. and S. Brody: Circadian rhythms in Neurospora crassa: oscillation in the level of an adenine nucleotide. J. Bact. 121, 548–553 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, C., M. Statham and D. Lloyd: The preparation of largescale synchronous cultures of the trypanosomatid, Crithidia fasciculata, by cell-size selection: changes in respiration and adenylate charge through the cell-cycle. J. gen. Microbiol. 88, 141–152 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson, L.: The ATP pool in relation to the production of glycerol and heat during growth of the halotolerant yeast Debaryonyces hansenii. Arch. Microbiol. 120, 15–23 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda, T. and H. R. Skjoldal: The effect of laboratory conditions on the extrapolation of experimental measurements to the ecology of marine zooplankton. VI. Changes in physiological activities and biochemical components of Acetes sibogae australis and Acartia australis after capture. Mar. Biol. 58, 285–293 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivanovici, A. M.: A method for extraction and analysis of adenine nucleotides for determination of adenylate energy charge in molluscan tissue. Rep. Div. Fish. Oceanogr. C.S.I.R.O. Aust. 129, 1–27 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, P. C. T.: Studies on the nature of circadian rhythms. I. Nucleoside phosphate levels in the tissues of wakeful and sleeping golden hamsters; and their significance. Cytobios 2, 175–179 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Karl, D. M.: Occurrence and ecological significance of GTP in the ocean and in microbial cells. Appl. environ. Microbiol. 36, 349–355 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Karl, D. M.: Cellular nucleotide measurements and applications in microbial ecology. Microbiol. Rev. 44, 739–796 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Karl, D. M., J. A. Haugsness, L. Campbell and O. Holm-Hansen: Adenhine nucleotide extraction from multicellular organisms and beach sand: ATP recovery, energy charge ratios and determination of carbon/ATP ratios. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 34, 163–181 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowles, C. J.: Microbial metabolic regulation by adenine nucleotide pools. In: Microbial energetics, pp 241–283. Ed. by B. A. Haddock and W. A. Hamilton. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press 1977

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, C.-M. and T. Olsson: Firefly assay of adenine nucleotides from algae: comparison of extraction methods. Pl. Cell Physiol., Tokyo 20, 145–155 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundin, A. and A. Thore: Comparison of methods for extraction of bacterial adenine nucleotides determined by firefly assay. Appl. Microbiol. 30, 713–721 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pamatmat, M. M. and H. R. Skjoldal: Metabolic activity, adenosine phosphates and energy charge of below ground biomass of Juncus roemerianus Scheele and Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Estuar. coast. mar. Sci. 9, 79–90 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Plesner, P.: Nucleotide metabolism during synchronized cell division in Tetrahymena pyriformis. In: Synchrony in cell division and growth, pp 197–212. Ed. by E. Zeuthen. New York: Interscience Publishers 1964

    Google Scholar 

  • Rainer, S. F., A. M. Ivanovici and V. A. Wadley: Effect of reduced salinity on adenylate energy charge in three estuarine molluscs. Mar. Biol. 54, 91–99 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Romano, J.-C. and R. Daumas: Adenosine nucleotide “energy charge” ratios as an ecophysiological index for microplankton communities. Mar. Biol. 62, 281–296 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakshaug, E. and O. Holm-Hansen: Chemical composition of Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve and Pavlova (Monochrysis) lutheri (Droop) Green as a function of nitrate-, phosphate-, and iron-limited growth. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 29, 1–34 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Skjoldal, H. R.: ATP concentration and adenhlate energy charge of tropical zooplankton from waters inside the Great Barrier Reef. Mar. Biol. 62, 119–123 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Skjoldal, H. R. and T. Bakke: Anaerobic metabolism of the scavenging isopod Cirolana borealis Lilljeborg. Adenine nucleotides. In: Physiology and behaviour of marine organisms, pp 67–74. Ed. by D. S. McLusky and A. J. Berry. Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press 1978

    Google Scholar 

  • Skjoldal, H. R. and U. Båmstedt: Studies on the deep-water pelagic community of Korsfjorden, western Norway. Adenosine phosphates and nucleic acids in Meganyctiphanes norvegica (Euphausiacea) in relation to the life cycle. Sarsia 61, 1–14 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Skjoldal, H. R. and U. Båmstedt: Ecobiochemical studies on the deep-water pelagic community of Korsfjorden, western Norway. Adenine nucleotides in zooplankton. Mar. Biol. 42, 197–211 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Surholt, B.: The influence of oxygen deficiency and electrical stimulation on the concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP and phosphotaurocyamine in the body-wall musculature of Arenicola marina. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. physiol. Chem. 358, 1455–1461 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Swedes, J. S., R. J. Sedo and D. E. Atkinson: Relation of growth and protein synthesis to the adenylate energy charge in an adenine-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli. J. biol. Chem. 250, 6938 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Traganza, E. D. and K. J. Graham: Carbon/adenosine triphosphate ratios in marine zooplankton. Deep-Sea Res. 24, 1187–1193 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wadley, V. A., A. M. Ivanovici and S. F. Rainer: A comparison of techniques for the measurement of adenine nucleotides in three species of estuarine mollusc. Rep. Div. Fish. Oceanogr. C.S.I.R.O. Aust. 129, 1–23 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiler, C. S. and D. M. Karl: Diel changes in phased-dividing cultures of Ceratium furca (Dinophyceae): nucleotide triphosphates, adenylate energy charge, cell carbon, and patterns of vertical migration. J. Phycol. 15, 384–391 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiebe, W. J. and K. Bancroft: Use of the adenylate energy charge ratio to measure growth state of natural microbial communities. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 2112–2115 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wijsman, T. C. M.: Adenosine phosphates and energy charge in different tissues of Mytilus edulis L. under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. J. comp. Physiol. 107, 129–140 (1976a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wijsman, T. C. M.: ATP content and mortality in Mytilus edulis from different habitats in relation to anaerobiosis. Neth. J. Sea Res. 10, 140–148 (1976b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yingst, J. Y.: Patterns of micro- and meiofaunal abundance in marine sediments measured with the adenosine triphosphate assay. Mar. Biol. 47, 41–54 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zandee, D. I., J. H. Kluytmans, W. Zurburg and H. Pieters: Seasonal variations in biochemical composition of Mytilus edulis with reference to energy metabolism and gametogenesis. Neth. J. Sea Res. 14, 1–29 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwaan, A. de: Anaerobic energy metabolism in bivalve molluscs. Oceanogr. mar. Biol. A. Rev. 15, 103–187 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. H. R. Skjoldal

    Present address: Directorate of Fisheries, Institute of Marine Research, P.B. 1870, N-5011, Bergen-Nordnes, Norway

  2. S. Barkati

    Present address: Institute of Marine Biology, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi-32, Pakistan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Marine Biology, University of Bergen, N-5065, Blomsterdalen, Norway

    H. R. Skjoldal & S. Barkati

Authors
  1. H. R. Skjoldal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Barkati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Communicated by T. Fenchel, Aarhus

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Skjoldal, H.R., Barkati, S. ATP content and adenylate energy charge of the mussel Mytilus edulis during the annual reproductive cycle in Lindåspollene, Western Norway. Mar. Biol. 70, 1–6 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397289

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397289

Keywords

Search

Navigation