Abstract
A seasonal study of sand movement and the benthic intertidal organisms at Bound Rock, New Hampshire, USA was conducted between November, 1973 and February, 1975. The site is subjected to irregular sand fluctuations, as well as diurnal, neapspring and major summer sand intrusions. The abundance and distribution of intertidal species was interrelated with the historical sand fluctuations at the area. For example, the lower limits of Mytilus edulis, Balanus balanoides and Porphyra umbilicalis approximated the highest summer sand elevations. Highly abraded rock surfaces in the lower intertidal zone were dominated by opportunistic annuals (e.g. Enteromorpha spp.) and perennial psammophytic or sand-loving seaweeds (e.g. Ahnfeltia plicata and Sphacelaria radicans). Overall, the intertidal seaweed populations at Bound Rock showed a lower number of perennials and fewer species than adjacent rocky shores. The low species diversity of seaweeds at the study site is attributable to unstable environmental conditions and a limited number of habitats. Even so, several psammophytic microhabitats are evident at Bound Rock depending upon the extent of sand burial and abrasion. The morphological and reproductive adaptations of several psammophytic species are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Anonymous: Tide tables high and low water predictions 1973 East Coast of North and South America including Greenland, vi + 288 pp. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey 1973
Anonymous: Tide tables high and low water predictions 1974 East Coast of North and South America including Greenland, vi + 288 pp. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Survey 1974
Chapman, V.J.: Zonation of marine algae on the sea shore. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 154, 239–253 (1943)
—: Marine algal ecology. Bot. Rev. 23, 320–350 (1955)
—: Coastal vegetation, viii + 245 pp. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1964
Cotton, A.D.: Clare Island Survey. Pt. 15. Marine algae. Proc. R. Ir. Acad. 31, 1–178 (1912)
Dahl, A.L.: The effect of environment on growth and development of Zonaria farlowii. Proc. int. Seaweed Symp. 6, 123–132 (1969) (Madrid: Santiago de Compostella, Spain, Subsecretaria de la Marina Mercante)
— Development, form and environment in the brown alga Zonaria farlowii (Dictyotales). Botanica mar. 14, 76–112 (1971)
Doty, M.S.: The marine algae of Oregon. Part I. Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta. Farlowia 3, 1–65 (1947a)
—: The marine algae of Oregon. Part II. Rhodophyta. Farlowia 3, 159–215 (1947b)
Fritsch, F.E.: The structure and reproduction of the algae, Vol. II. xiv+939 pp. Cambridge, England: University Press 1945
Hedgepeth, J.W.: Chapter 19. Sandy beaches. In: Treatise on marine ecology and paleoecology. Vol. I. Ecology, pp 587–608. Ed. by J.W. Hedgepeth. New York: Geological Society of America 1957. (Mem. geol. Soc. Am No. 67)
Hoyt, W.D.: Marine algae of Beaufort, N.C. and adjacent regions. Bull. Bur. Fish., Wash. 36, 367–556 (1920)
John, D.M.: The littoral ecology of rocky parts of the North-Western shore of the Guinea Coast. Botanica mar. 15, 199–204 (1972)
Lewis, J.R.: The ecology of rocky shores, xii+323 pp. London: English Universities Press Ltd. 1964
Markham, J.W.: Studies on the haptera of Laminaria sinclairii (Harvey) Farlow, Anderson et Eaton. Synesis 1, 125–131 (1968)
Markham, J.W.: An ecological study of Laminaria sinclairii and L. longipes, x+153 pp. Ph. D. thesis, University of British Columbia 1969
—: Observations on the ecology of Laminaria sinclairii on three northern Oregon beaches. J. Phycol. 9, 336–341 (1973)
— and P.R. Newroth: Observations on the ecology of Gymnogongrus linearis and related species. Proc. int. Seaweed Symp. 7, 126–130 (1972) (Sapporo, Japan: University of Tokyo Press)
Mathieson, A.C.: Contributions to the life history and ecology of the marine brown alga, Phaeostrophon irregulare. S. et G. xii+113 pp. Ph. D. thesis, University of British Columbia 1965
—: Morphological studies of the marine brown alga, Taonia lennebackerae Farlow ex J. Agardh. I. Sporophytes, abnormal gametophytes and vegetative reproduction. Nova Hedwigia 12, 65–79 (1966)
—: Morphology and life history of Phaeostrophon irregulare S. et G. Nova Hedwigia 13, 293–318 (1967)
— and R.A. Fralick: Investigations of New England marine algae V. The algal vegetation of the Hampton-Seabrook Estuary and the open coast near Hampton, N.H. Rhodora 74, 406–435 (1972)
Mathieson, A.C., E. Hehre and N. Reynolds: Investigations of New England marine algae I. A floristic and descriptive ecological study of the marine algae at Jaffrey Point, N.H. Nova Hedwigia (In press)
Moss, B.: Growth and regeneration of Fucus vesiculosus in culture. Br. phycol. Bull. 2, 377–380 (1964a)
—: Wound healing and regeneration of Fucus vesiculosus. Proc. int. Seaweed Symp. 4, 117–122 (1964b) (Oxford: Pergamon Press, MacMillan Co.)
Newroth, P.R.: Studies on the life histories of the Phyllophoraceae. I. Phyllophora truncata. (Rhodophyceae, Gigartinales) Phycologia 10, 345–354 (1971)
— and J.W. Markham: Observations on the distribution, morphology, and life histories of some Phyllophoraceae. Proc. int. Seaweed Symp. 7, 120–126 (1972) (Sapporo, Japan: University of Tokyo Press)
Parke, M. and P.S. Dixon: Check-list of British marine algae-third revision. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 56, 527–594 (1976)
Rees, T.K.: The marine algae of Lough Ine. J. Ecol. 23, 69–133 (1935)
Scagel, R.F.: Marine algae of British Columbia and Northern Washington, Part I: Chlorophyceae (green algae). Bull. natn. Mus. Can. (Biol. Ser.) 207, 1–257 (1966)
Shepard, F.P.: Submarine geology, 2nd ed., vxiii+557 pp. New York: Harper & Row 1963
Smith, G.M.: Marine algae of the Monterey Peninsula, California, 2nd ed., with a supplement by G.J. Hollenberg and I.A. Abbott. ix+752 pp. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press 1969
Stephenson, T.A.: The causes of vertical and horizontal distribution of organisms between tidemarks in South Africa. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 154, 219–234 (1943)
— and A. Stephenson: Life between tidemarks on rocky shores, xiii+425 pp. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman & Co. 1972
Taylor, W.R.: Marine algae of the Northeastern Coast of North America, 2nd revised ed. viii+ 509 pp. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press 1957
Townsend, C. and G.W. Lawson: Preliminary results on factors causing zonation in Enteromorpha using a tide simulating apparatus. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 8, 265–276 (1972)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by M.R. Tripp, Newark
Published with the approval of the Director of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station as Scientific Contribution No. 812.
Scientific Contribution No. 53 of the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Daly, M.A., Mathieson, A.C. The effects of sand movement on intertidal seaweeds and selected invertebrates at Bound Rock, New Hampshire, USA. Mar. Biol. 43, 45–55 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392570
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392570