Abstract
Starvation tolerance of laboratory-reared larval stone flounder, Kareius bicoloratus, was examined at different temperatures and salinities during the winters of 1984, 1985 and 1986. Starvation tolerance decreased with increased temperature and exhibited low values with high salinities. The highest starvation tolerance observed at low salinity was just before the metamorphosis stage. Starvation tolerance showed little change until larvae were 11 d. It increased with age thereafter. Epithelial cell heights of the digestive tract and cell diameters of pancreas and liver were measured histologically in reared stone flounder during growth and starvation. These values decreased markedly in the starved condition. Aldehyde fuchsin positive granules in the rectal epithelium also disappeared during the short starved period. The nutitrional condition of wild-caught stone flounder larvae, collected in January and February 1986 from the Matsukawa-ura inlet, Fukushima, Japan, was also examined. Eighty percent of larvae were estimated to be in fed condition just before sampling. The changes in cell heights of digestive organs agreed with this estimate. These histological methods seem to be useful in assessing the nutritional condition of marine fish larvae.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Alderdice D. F., Rao, T. R., Rosenthal, H. (1979). Osmotic responses of eggs and larvae of the Pacific herring to salinity and cadmium. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters. 32: 508–538
Blaxter, J. H. S., Hempel, G. (1963). The influence of egg size on herring larvae (Clupea harengus L.). J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer. 28: 211–240
Blaxter, J. H. S., Ehrlich, K. F. (1974). Changes in behaviour during starvation of herring and plaice larvae. In: Blaxter, J. H. S. (ed.) The early life history of fish Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 575–588
Buckley, L. J. (1979). Relationships between RNA-DNA ratio, prey density, and growth rate in atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 36: 1497–1502
Buckley, L. J., Turner, S. I., Halavik, T. A., Smigielski, A. S., Drew, S. M., Laurence, G. C. (1984). Effects of temperature and food availability on growth, survival, and RNA-DNA ratio of larval sand lance (Ammodytes americanus). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 15: 91–97
Campbell, R. C. (1974). Statistics for biologists 2nd ed., (transl. from English to Japanese by S. Ishii), Baifu-kan, Tokyo
Ehrlich, K. F. (1974). Chemical changes during growth and starvation of herring larvae. In: Blaxter, J. H. S. (ed.) The early life history of fish. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 301–323
Ehrlich, K. F., Blaxter, J. H. S., Pemberton, R. (1976). Morphological and histological changes during the growth and starvation of herring and plaice larvae. Mar. Biol. 35: 105–118
Fukusho, K., Okauchi, M. (1983). Sympatry in natural distribution of the two strains of a rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis. Bull. natn. Res. Inst. Aquaculture 4: 135–138
Hashimoto, Y. (1985). Wakasa-wan no kaiyo kankyo (Oceanophysical condition of Wakasa-Bay). Bull. Japan. Soc. Fish. Oceanogr. 47 and 48: 72–88 (in Japanese)
Hewitt, R. P., Theilacker, G. H., Lo, N. C. H. (1985). Causes of mortality in young jack mackerel. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 26: 1–10
Hjort, J. (1914). Fluctuations in the great fisheries of northern Europe-viewed in the light of biological research. Rapp. P.-v Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer. 20: 1–228
Hjort, J. (1926). Fluctuations in the year classes of important food fishes. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer. 1: 5–38
Holliday, F. G. T., Blaxter, J. H. S. (1960). The effects of salinity on the developing eggs and larvae of the herring. J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K. 39: 591–603
Hunter, J. R. (1981). Feeding ecology and predation of marine fish larvae. In: Lasker, R. (ed.) Marine fish larvae. Washington Sea Grant, p. 33–77
Hwang, P. P. (1985). Morphological studies on the chloride cells in teleost embryos and larvae. Ph. D. thesis, University of Tokyo
Hwang, P. P., Hirano, R. (1985). Effects of environmental salinity on intercellular organization and junctional structure of chloride cells in early stages of teleost development. J. exp. Zool. 236: 115–126
Kurata, H. (1959). Preliminary report on the rearing of the herring larvae. Bull. Hokkaido reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 20: 117–138 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Lasker, R., Feder, H. M., Theilacker, G. H., May, R. C. (1970). Feeding, growth and survival of Engraulis mordax larvae reared in the laboratory. Mar. Biol. 5: 345–353
Lillelund, K., Lasker, R. (1971). Laboratory studies of predation by marine copepods on fish larvae. Fish. Bull. U.S. 69(2): 411–425
Minami, T. (1984). The early life history of a flounder Kareius bicoloratus. Bull. Jap. Soc. Scient. Fish. 50(4): 551–560, (in Japanese with English abstract)
Mito, S., Ukawa, M., Higuchi, M. (1969). On the egg development and rearing of the larvae of a flounder, Kareius bicoloratus (Basilewsky) with reference to its spawning in the culturing pond. Bull. Nansei Fish. Res. Lab. 1: 87–102 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Morizane, T., Takasaki, S., Ichikawa, M. (1983). 50% kaisui niyoru kasago shigyo no shiiku (Larval rearing of scorpion fish in 50% seawater). Saibai-giken. 12(1): 11–18 (in Japanese)
Nakai, Z., Kosaka, M., Ogura, M., Hayashida, G., Shimozono, H. (1969). Feeding habit and depth of body and diameter of digestive tract of shirasu in relation with nutritious condition. J. Coll. Mar. Sci. Technol. Tokai University, Shimizu, Japan. 3: 23–34 (in Japanese with English abstract)
O'Connell, C. P. (1976). Histological criteria for diagnosing the starving condition in early post yolk-sac larvae of the northern anchovy Engraulis mordax Girard. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 25: 285–312
O'Connell, C. P. (1980). Percentage of starving northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, larvae in the sea as estimated by histological methods. Fish. Bull. U.S. 78 (2): 475–489
Oozeki, Y. (1987). Basic studies on the physiological aspects of mortalities in the early life stage of marine fishes. Ph. D. thesis, University of Tokyo
Oozeki, Y., Ono, T., Hirakawa, H., Iwatsuki, Y., Hirano, R. (1987). Occurrece and migration of stone flounder larvae in Matsukawa-ura, Fukushima Prefecture. Suisan Zoshoku 35(2): 83–90 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Oozeki, Y., Hirano, R. (1988). Effects of glutaraldehyde fixation on the body size of red sea bream (Pagrus major) larvae. Aquaculture 71: 265–269
Purcell, J. E., Siferd, T. D., Marliave, J. B. (1987). Vulnerability of larval herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) to capture by the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Mar. Biol. 94: 157–162
Theilacker, G. H. (1978). Effect of starvation on the histological and morphological characteristics of jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus. Fish. Bull. U.S. 78: 789–791
Theilacker, G. H. (1986). Starvation-induced mortality of young sea-caught jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus determined with histological and morphological methods. Fish. Bull. U.S. 84 (1): 1–17
Umeda, S., Ochiai, A. (1975). On the histological structure and function of digestive organs of the fed and starved larvae of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 21 (4): 213–219 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Wang, Z., Takashima, T., Nomura, M., Sakai, K. (1983). Histological changes in digestive organs of carp larvae during starvation — I. Alimentary tracts. Aquicult. 31 (3): 134–142 (in Japanese)
Wang, Z., Takashima, T. (1984). Histological changes in digestive organs of carp larvae during starvation — II. Livers and pancreas. Aquicult. 32 (1): 44–53 (in Japanese)
Watanabe, Y. (1982). Intracellular digestion of horseradish peroxidase by the intestinal cells of teleost larvae and juveniles. Bull. Jap. Soc. Scient. Fish. 48: 37–42
Watanabe, Y. (1984). An ultrastructural study of intracellular digestion of horseradish peroxidase by the rectal epithelium cells in larvae of a freshwater cottid fish, Cottus nozawae. Bull. Jap. Soc. Scient. Fish. 50: 409–416
Yamashita, Y., Kitagawa, D., Aoyama, T. (1985). A field study of predation of the hyperiid amphipod Parathemisto japonica on larvae of the Japanese sand eel Ammodytes personatus. Bull. Jap. Soc. Scient. Fish. 51 (10): 1599–1607
Yasunaga, Y. (1975 a). Effects of water temperature and salinity on the embryonic development of eggs and the survival of larvae of Paralichtys olivaceus. Bull. Tokai reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 81: 151–169 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Yasunaga, Y. (1975 b). Environmental factors of marine fish eggs and larvae, with respect to water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and hydrogenion concentration. Bull. Tokai reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 81: 171–183 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by M. Anraku, Tokyo
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Oozeki, Y., Ishii, T. & Hirano, R. Histological study of the effects of starvation on reared and wild-caught larval stone flounder, Kareius bicoloratus . Marine Biology 100, 269–275 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391968
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391968