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Species and speciation in poikilothermal animals

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On the basis of current scientific information related to intraspecific and interspecific variability of eco-physiological properties at the individual (organismic) and subindividual (tissues, cells, and molecules) levels and his own experimental data, the author comes to the conclusion that eco-physiological adaptation is one of the major processes determining speciation. During sequential multi-step adaptation at the most sensitive and plastic levels of organisation (whole organisms and their labile cells and proteins) to changed abiotic (physico-chemical) environmental factors, the latter directly affect the conservative proteins and polynucleotides that maintain the species' genetic information. Transition from phenotypical to genotypical changes may be achieved if the organisms have attained the limit of their phenotypical plasticity, via selection at cellular and molecular levels. The high rate of cellular mytotic division and a promiment rise in the speed of interrelated DNA-RNA protein synthesis under sudden and profound environmental changes may account for the high rates of speciation indicative of cataclysmic climatic changes. Evolutionary morphological changes are considered to follow physiological changes. The adaptive nature of morphological peculiarities in higher taxonomic categories (type, class, order, family; more seldom genus) may be accounted for by the selection of phenotypes possessing morphological peculiarities best suited to the ecological niches of the species concerned. These peculiarities (although often neutral to physiological changes that have determined the speciation) are transferred from species to species, manifesting both historical relationship and morphological unity. The suggested scheme of speciation is in accord with the conceptions of the intermittent character of speciation, which can proceed only if extreme, directed, climatic changes cover a larger portion of the species' area. As the organisms' organisation becomes more complex during phylogenesis, intraspecific variability decreases; this trend manifests itself in the progressive stabilization of body shape and other morphological properties, and in the increase of eco-physiological stability of cells and proteins.

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  1. A. N. Golikov

    Present address: Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad, USSR

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    Communicated by M. E. Vinogradov, Moscow

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    Golikov, A.N. Species and speciation in poikilothermal animals. Mar. Biol. 21, 257–268 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00381082

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