Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Deformation micromechanics in model carbon fibre-reinforced composites

Part I The single-fibre pull-out test

  • Papers
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the deformation micromechanics of the single-fibre pull-out test for a carbon fibre/epoxy resin system using surface-treated and untreated versions of the same type of PAN-based fibre. It has been possible to determine the detailed strain distribution along embedded fibres and it has been found that it varies with the level of strain in the fibre outside the resin block. The variation of interfacial shear stress along the fibre/matrix interface has been determined using the balance of forces equilibrium and this has been compared with the single values of interfacial shear strength determined from conventional pull-out analyses. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to identify situations where the interface is well-bonded, partially debonded or fully debonded and also to follow the failure mechanisms in detail. It has been found that the level of interfacial adhesion is better for the surface-treated fibre and that, for the untreated fibre, interfacial failure takes place by the cohesive failure of a weakly-bonded surface skin that appears to be removed by the surface pretreatment process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. T. Dibenedetto and L. Nicolais, in “Advances in Composite Materials” edited by G. Piatti (Applied Science, London, 1978) pp. 153–81.

    Google Scholar 

  2. L. T. Drzal, in “Advances in Polymer Science 75-Epoxy Resins and Composites II,” edited by K. Dusek (Springer, Berlin, Heidelburg, 1986) pp. 3–30.

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. J. Pitkethly and J. B. Doble, in “Interfacial Phenomena in Composite Materials '89”, edited by F. R. Jones (Butterworth, London, 1989) pp. 35–43.

    Google Scholar 

  4. B. Miller, U. Gaur and D. E. Hirt, Compos. Sci. Technol. 42 (1991) 207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K. R. Jiang and L. S. Penn, ibid. 45 (1992) 89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. F. Fu, B. L. Zhou, X. Chen, G. H. He and C. W. Lung, Composites 24 (1993) 5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A. T. Dibenedetto, Compos. Sci. Technol. 42 (1991) 103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J. P. Favre, in “Interfacial Phenomena in Composite Materials '89”, edited by F. R. Jones (Butterworth, London, 1989) pp. 7–12.

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. J. Gray, J. Mater. Sci. 19 (1984) 861.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M. R. Piggott, Compos. Sci. Technol. 42 (1991) 57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Z.-F. Li and D. T. Grubb, J. Mater. Sci. 29 (1994) 189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. C. Marotzke, in “Developments in the Science and Technology of Composite Materials”, edited by A. R. Bunsell, A. Kelly and A. Massiah (Woodhead, Cambridge, 1993) p. 281.

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. J. Day, “2nd International Conference on Deformation and Fracture of Composites”, UMIST, Manchester (Institute of Materials, London, 1993) p. 23/1.

    Google Scholar 

  14. R. J. Young, “Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces II” (Wiley, Chichester, 1992) Ch. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  15. R. J. Day, I. M. Robinson, M. Zakikhani and R. J. Young, Polymer 28 (1987) 1833.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. X. Yang, X. Hu, R. J. Day and R. J. Young, J. Mater. Sci. 27 (1992) 1409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. I. M. Robinson, M. Zakikhani, R. J. Day and R. J. Young, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 6 (1987) 1212.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. R. J. Young, D. Lu, R. J. Day, W. F. Knoff and H. A. Davis, J. Mater. Sci. 27 (1992) 5431.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. W. F. Wong and R. J. Young, ibid. 29 (1994) 510.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. R. J. Young, C. Galiotis, I. M. Robinson and D. N. Batchelder, ibid. 22 (1987) 3642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. M. C. Andrews and R. J. Young, J. Raman Spectrosc. 24 (1993) 539.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R. J. Day, X. Hu and R. J. Young, Compos. Sci. Technol. 48 (1993) 255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. N. Melanitis, C. Galiotis, P. L. Tetlow and C. K. L. Davies, J. Compos. Mater. 26 (1992) 574.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H. L. Cox, Br. J. Appl. Phys. 3 (1952) 72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. L. B. Greszczuk, in “Interfaces in Composites”, ASTM STP 452 (American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1969) p. 42.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. P. Lawrence, J. Mater. Sci. 7 (1972) 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. P. S. Chua and M. R. Piggott, Compos. Sci. Technol. 22 (1985) 33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. idem, ibid. 22 (1985) 107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. idem, ibid. 22 (1985) 185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. idem, ibid. 22 (1985) 245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Kelly and N. H. Máćmillan, “Strong Solids”, 3rd edn (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  32. J. Bowyer and M. G. Bader, J. Mater. Sci. 7 (1972) 1315.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. R. K. Mittal and V. B. Gupta, ibid. 17 (1982) 3179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. A. Kelly and W. R. Tyson, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 13 (1965) 329.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. P. J. Herrera-Franco and L. T. Drzal, Composites 23 (1992) 2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M. R. Piggott, in “Interfacial Phenomena in Composite Materials '91”, edited by I. Verpoest and F. R. Jones (Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1991) p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  37. W. R. Tyson and G. Davis, Br. J. Appl. Phys. 10 (1963) 199.

    Google Scholar 

  38. D. M. Schuster and E. Scala, Am. Inst. Aero. Astro. J. 6 (1978) 527.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Y. Huang and R. J. Young, Carbon, in press.

  40. L. S. Penn, F. Bystry, W. Carp and S. Lee, in “Molecular Characterisation of Interfaces”, edited by H. Ishida and G. Kumar (Plenum, New York, 1985) pp. 93.

    Google Scholar 

  41. J. P. Favre and J. Perrin, J. Mater. Sci. 7 (1972) 1113.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J. P. Favre and M. C. Mérienne, J. Adhes. Adhes. 1 (1981) 311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. P. Marshall and J. Price, Composites 22 (1991) 53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. R. Vidamo and D. B. Fischbach, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 61 (1980) 13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. H. Sakata, M. Dresselhaus and M. Endo, in “Proceedings of the 18th Carbon Conference” Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester MA. 1987 (Worcester Polytechnic Institute) 18.

  46. J.-B. Donnet and R. C. Bansal, “Carbon Fibres” (Marcel Dekker, New York, Basel, 1984).

    Google Scholar 

  47. C. Galiotis and D. N. Batchelder, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 7 (1988) 545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. G. Désarmot and J. P. Favre, Compos. Sci. Technol, 42 (1991) 151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. M. R. Piggott and D. Andison, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 6 (1987) 290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. D. Hull, “An Introduction to Composite Materials” (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Manchester Materials Science Centre, UMIST/University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, M1 7HS, Manchester, UK

    X. H. Gu, R. J. Young & R. J. Day

Authors
  1. X. H. Gu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. J. Young
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. J. Day
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gu, X.H., Young, R.J. & Day, R.J. Deformation micromechanics in model carbon fibre-reinforced composites. Journal of Materials Science 30, 1409–1419 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375240

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375240

Keywords

Search

Navigation