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Beiträge zur Temperaturadaptation des Aales (Anguilla vulgaris)

III. Höhe und Verteilung der Aktivität von Succinodehydrogenase und Cytochromoxydase im Seitenmuskel juveniler und adulter Tiere

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Abstract

Previous authors have demonstrated that changes in O2-consumption of predominant muscle tissue (in vitro) do not account for the variations in O2-consumption of a resting intact eel induced by differences in adaptation temperature (AT). The present paper is concerned with the metabolism of the eel's lateral muscle. Activity of cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase, expressed in terms of O2-consumption, are higher in the red muscle portion than in the white one (the factors are 6 to 10 and 2 to 3, respectively). In epaxial muscle strips from some 10 cm behind the anus, red muscle tissue comprises between 44% and more than 60% of the total lateral muscle cytochrome oxidase activity, even though, in this region, the relative weight of the red portion makes up only 11 to 14.5% of the total muscle. The red muscle portion is still smaller in the region anterior to the anus, and its total cytochrome oxidase activity (enzyme activity x relative weight) much lower. Cytochrome oxidase activity remains rather unchanged in the white portion of the muscle. Since the metabolism of white muscles is primarily glycolytic, it is remarkable that — with respect to the terminal oxidative metabolism — tissue temperature adaptation in the eel is more pronounced in red muscles than in white ones. In juvenile and adult eels, acclimated to seasonal temperature, the total cytochrome oxidase activity of the white muscle undergoes little change. However, in cold-acclimated adults with extensive pigmentation, aerobic metabolism of red muscles is favoured; this is indicated both by extremely high cytochrome oxidase activity and increased relative muscle weight. Increased aerobic metabolism of red muscle tissue is, therefore, assumed to be important, especially during the winter spawning migration.

Zusammenfassung

  1. 1.

    Der oxydative Stoffwechsel der Skelettmuskulatur des adulten und juvenilen Aales Anguilla vulgaris L. wird an Hand verschiedener Parameter beschrieben. Bestimmt wurde die Aktivität der Succinodehydrogenase (SDH) und der Cytochromoxydase sowie in einigen Fällen auch die der Glycerinaldehyd-3-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) und der Lactat-Dehydrogenase (LDH) in der dorsalen Skelettmus-kulatur verschiedener Körperabschnitte von langfristig an verschiedene Temperaturen angepaßten juvenilen (15°, 24°C) und adulten (8/11,5°, 12/13°, 15°, 24/25°C) Aalen. Der Skelettmuskel wurde ungeteilt und in seine Gewichtsanteile an roter und weißer Muskulatur zerlegt bearbeitet.

  2. 2.

    Die ungeteilte Skelettmuskulatur des Aales zeigt eine Temperaturadaptation (Kompensation): SDH-und Cytochromoxydase-Aktivität sind nach Kälteanpassung gesteigert. Im roten Muskelanteil ist der Umfang der adaptiven Veränderungen bedeutender als im weißer Muskelanteil.

  3. 3.

    Der rote Seitenmuskel hat einen viel höheren oxydativen Stoffwechsel als der weiße; im mittleren Schwanzbereich ist ein großer (15°C-Gelbaal) bis über-chromoxydase-Ak Anteil (kaltadaptierter Silberaal) der Cytochromoxydase-Aktivität des ungeteilten Muskels im roten Muskelgewebe lokalisiert. Dieser Aktivitätsanteil des roten Muskelgewebes differiert in den verschiedenen Körperregionen stark, der der weißen Muskulatur jedoch nur geringfügig.

  4. 4.

    Ein Vergleich von Gelbaal (AT: 15°C) und Silberaal (AT: 8/11,5°C) zeigt vornehmlich den roten Muskel betreffende morphologische und enzymatische Veränderungen. Die starke Betonung der aeroben Funktionen des roten Muskels beim kaltadaptierten, gut ausgefärbten Silberaal wird als Anpassung an die für die Winterwanderung erforderliche Dauerleistung bei niedrigen Wassertemperaturen gedeutet. Aufgehellte, kaltadaptierte Silberaale lassen eine Anpassung dieses Ausmaßes vermissen.

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  1. P. Malessa

    Present address: Lehrstuhl für vergleichende Physiologie und Tierpsychologie, Zoologisches Institut der Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany (FRG)

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    Malessa, P. Beiträge zur Temperaturadaptation des Aales (Anguilla vulgaris). Marine Biology 3, 143–158 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353435

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