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Evolutionary relationships among deep-sea mytilids (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from hydrothermal vents and cold-water methane/sulfide seeps

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Abstract

A protein electrophoretic survey of mytilids inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold-water methane/sulfide seeps revealed electromorph patterns diagnostic of 10 distinct species. From hydrothermal vents located at sites on the Galápagos Rift, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and the Mariana Back Arc Basin, we detected four species of mytilids. Six additional species were detected from three cold-water seep sides in the Gulf of Mexico. The patchy distribution and temporal stability of seeps may provide a greater opportunity for mytilid diversification and persistence than vent sites Nei's genetic distances (D) between species were relatively large (range: 0.528 to ∞) both within and among habitat types. This pronounced degree of genetic differentiation suggests a relatively ancient common ancestor for the group. Phylogenetic trees were generated using distance Wagner and parsimony analyses of allozyme and morphological characters. The tree topologies obtained from both methods support: (1) the hypothesis that a seep ancestor gave rise to the deep-sea hydrothermal vent mytilids, (2) a historical progression from shallow-water to deep-water habitats, and (3) a co-evolutionary progression from external to internal localization of bacterial symbionts. Whether the seep mytilid taxa constitute paraphyletic or polyphyletic groups remains unresolved. Our phylogenetic hypotheses also provide a benchmark for the phylogeny of mytilid bacterial symbionts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics, and Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 08903-0231, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    C. Craddock, W. R. Hoeh, R. G. Gustafson, R. A. Lutz & R. J. Vrijenhoek

  2. Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, 237, Yokosuka, Japan

    J. Hashimoto

Authors
  1. C. Craddock
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  2. W. R. Hoeh
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  3. R. G. Gustafson
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  4. R. A. Lutz
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  5. J. Hashimoto
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  6. R. J. Vrijenhoek
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Communicated by N. H. Marcus, Tallahassee

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Craddock, C., Hoeh, W.R., Gustafson, R.G. et al. Evolutionary relationships among deep-sea mytilids (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from hydrothermal vents and cold-water methane/sulfide seeps. Marine Biology 121, 477–485 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349456

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