Google Search Intensity and the Investor Attention Effect: A Quantile Regression Approach
- 42 Downloads
Abstract
This paper investigates whether the investor attention effect caused by the Google stock search can be used to forecast stock returns. The evolving literature on Google search investor attention effect suggests that high Google search volumes can predict high returns for the first 1–2 weeks, but with a subsequent price reversal. We use a more recent data set that covers the period from 2012 to 2017 in the Indian stock market and employ the quantile regression approach as it alleviates some of the statistical problems to find that high Google search volumes lead to positive returns. Indeed, the high Google search volumes predict positive and significant returns in the subsequent third, fourth and fifth weeks. The Google search volume index performs as a better predictor of the direction as well as the magnitude of the excess returns. The findings infer that the signals from the search volume data could be of benefit construction of profitable trading strategies.
Keywords
Stock returns Google searches Investor attention/sentiment Trading strategies Quantile regressionJEL Classification
G11 G12 G14Notes
References
- Bank, M., M. Larch, and G. Peter. 2011. Google search volume and its influence on liquidity and returns of German stocks. Financial Markets and Portfolio Management 253: 239–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Baker, M., and J. Wurgler. 2006. Investor sentiment and the cross-section of stock returns. The Journal of Finance 61: 1645–1680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Barber, B.M., and T. Odean. 2008. All that glitters: The effect of attention and news on the buying behavior of individual and institutional investors. Review of Financial Studies 21: 785–818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Barnes, M., & Hughes, A.W. (2002). A quantile regression analysis of the cross section of stock market returns. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=458522. Accessed 11 Feb 2018.
- Bijl, Laurens, Glenn Kringhaug, Peter Molnár, and Eirik Sandvik. 2016. Google searches and stock returns. International Review of Financial Analysis 45: 150–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bollen, J., H. Mao, and X. Zeng. 2011. Twitter mood predicts the stock market. Journal of Computational Science 2: 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Breitung, J. 2000. The local power of some unit root tests for panel data. In Nonstationary panels, panel cointegration, and dynamic panels, advances in econometrics ed. Baltagi B.H., vol. 15, pp. 161–178.Google Scholar
- Buchinsky, Moshe. 1998. Recent advances in quantile regression models: A practical guideline for empirical research. Journal of Human Resources 33 (1): 88–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Campbell, J.Y., S.J. Grossman, and J. Wang. 1993. Trading volume and serial correlation in stock returns. Quarterly Journal of Economics 108: 905–939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Challet, D., and A. B. H. Ayed. 2013. Predicting financial markets with Google Trends and not so random keywords. Cornell University. Available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.4643. Accessed 11 Feb 2018.
- Conrad, J.S., A. Hameed, and C. Niden. 1994. Volume and autocovariance in short-horizon individual security returns. The Journal of Finance 49: 1305–1329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Corsi, F. 2009. A simple approximate long-memory model of realized volatility. Journal of Financial Econometrics 7: 174–196. https://doi.org/10.1093/jjfinec/nbp001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cooper, T.E. 1999. Filter rules based on price and volume of individual security overreaction. Review of Financial Studies 12: 901–935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Da, Z., J. Engelberg, and P. Gao. 2011. In search of attention. The Journal of Finance 665: 1461–1499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Fama, E.F. 1965. The behavior of stock-market prices. The Journal of Business 38: 34–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Fama, E.F. 1976. Foundations of finance: Portfolio decisions and securities prices. AZ: Basic Books.Google Scholar
- Fehle, F., S. Tsyplakov, and V. Zdorovtsov. 2005. Can companies influence investor behavior through advertising? Super Bowl commercials and stock returns. European Financial Management 11: 625–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Glosten, L.R., R. Jagannathan, and D.E. Runkle. 1993. On the relation between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks. The Journal of Finance 48: 1779–1801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Huberman, G., and T. Regev. 2001. Contagious speculation and a cure for cancer: A non-event that made stock prices soar. The Journal of Finance 56: 387–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Joseph, K., M.B. Wintoki, and Z. Zhang. 2011. Forecasting abnormal stock returns and trading volume using investor sentiment: Evidence from an online search. International Journal of Forecasting 27: 1116–1127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kahneman, Daniel. 1973. Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
- Kim, Y.H., & Meschke, F. (2011). CEO interviews on CNBC. Working Paper Extracted from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1745085. Accessed 11 Feb 2018.
- Koenker, R., and G. Bassett. 1978. Regression quantiles. Econometrica 46 (1): 33–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Koenker, Roger, and Gilbert Bassett Jr. 1982. Robust tests for heteroskedasticity based on regression quantiles. Econometrica 50 (1): 43–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Koenker, Roger W., and Kevin F. Hallock. 2001. Quantile regression. Journal of Economic Perspectives 15 (4): 143–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Levin, A., C.F. Lin, J. Chu, and S. Chia. 2002. Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics 108: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Merton, R. 1987. A simple model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete information. The Journal of Finance 423: 483–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Moat, H.S., C. Curme, A. Avakian, D.Y. Kenett, H.E. Stanley, and T. Preis. 2013. Quantifying Wikipedia usage patterns before stock market moves. Scientific Reports 3: 1801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Newey, W., and J. Powell. 1987. Asymmetric least squares estimation and testing. Econometrica 55 (4): 819–847. https://doi.org/10.2307/1911031.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Poon, S.H., and C.W. Granger. 2003. Forecasting volatility in financial markets: A review. Journal of Economic Literature 41: 478–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Preis, T., Moat, H. S., & Stanley, H. E. (2013). Quantifying trading behavior in financial markets using Google trends. Scientific Reports, 3. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01684. Available at https://www.nature.com/articles/srep01684. Accessed 11 Feb 2018.
- Preis, T., D. Reith, and H.E. Stanley. 2010. Complex dynamics of our economic life ondifferent scales: Insights from search engine query data. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368 (1933): 5707–5719. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Takeda, F., and H. Yamazaki. 2006. Stock price reactions to public TV programs on listed Japanese companies. Economics Bulletin 13 (7): 1–7.Google Scholar
- Tetlock, P.C. 2007. Giving content to investor sentiment: The role of media in the stock market. The Journal of Finance 62: 1139–1168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Vlastakis, N., and R.N. Markellos. 2012. Information demand and stock market volatility. Journal of Banking & Finance 366: 1808–1821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ying, Qianwei, Dongmin Kong, and Danglun Luo. 2015. Investor attention, institutional ownership, and stock return: Empirical evidence from China. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 51: 672–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar