Conservation of mangroves through certified organic shrimp production: are farmers willing to adopt?
Abstract
Safe and environmentally friendly production has become an important trend in the aquaculture sector. Vietnam has successfully implemented a certified organic shrimp production project and is now planning to expand it. To successfully implement the certified organic shrimp production project in new areas, the ex ante evaluation of the factors influencing farmers’ decision to participate in this project is essential. Thus, this research determines factors affecting shrimp farmers’ decision to participate in a certified organic shrimp production project by analyzing a multinomial logit model. A survey was conducted in the Vietnamese part of the Mekong Delta and covered 220 shrimp farmers. The results show that farmers who have higher mangrove coverage in their shrimp farms are more likely to participate in the project. The likelihood of adoption also increases when farmers have a higher level of education. Interestingly, the premium commanded by the certified organic shrimp is not among the important factors affecting farmers’ decision to participate in the project.
Keywords
Certified organic shrimp Mangrove conservation Multinomial logit model Safe and environmentally friendly practice Willingness to adoptNotes
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the farmers participating in the survey, local government staff, colleges, and students of Can Tho University for all their support.
Funding information
This study is funded in part by the Can Tho University Improvement Project VN14-P6, supported by a Japanese ODA loan.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
The conduct of this study followed ethical standards. The surveyed farmers were willing to answer the questionnaire.
References
- Adesina AA, Baidu-Forson J (1995) Farmers’ perceptions and adoption of new agricultural technology: evidence from analysis in Burkina Faso and Guinea, West Africa. Agric Econ 13:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5150(95)01142-8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Barbier EB, Hacker SD, Kennedy C, Koch EW, Stier AC, Silliman BR (2011) The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services. Ecol Monogr 81(2):169–193. https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1510.1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Buckley C, Hynes S, Mechan S (2012) Supply of an ecosystem service — farmers ’ willingness to adopt riparian buffer zones in agricultural catchments. Environ Sci Pol 24:101–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.07.022 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Burton M, Rigby D, Young T (1999) Analysis of the determinants of adoption of organic horticultural techniques in the UK. J Agric Econ 50(1):47–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1999.tb00794.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cooper JC, Keim RW (1996) Incentive payments to encourage farmer adoption of water quality protection practices. Am J Agric Econ 78:54–64. https://doi.org/10.2307/1243778 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- de Graaf GJ, Xuan TT (1998) Extensive shrimp farming, mangrove clearance and marine fisheries in the southern provinces of Vietnam. Mangrove Salt Marshes 2:159–166. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009975210487 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Ca Mau province (2015) The master plan on aquaculture development in Ca Mau province through 2020 with a vision toward 2030. Ca Mau, VietnamGoogle Scholar
- Dieu BTM (2010) On the epidemiology and evolution of white spot syndrome virus of shrimp. Dissertation, Wageningen UniversityGoogle Scholar
- General Statistics Office of Vietnam (n.d.) Production of aquaculture shrimp by province. https://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=778. Accessed 12 Nov 2016
- Genius M, Pantzios CJ, Tzouvelekas V (2006) Information acquisition and adoption of organic farming practices. J Agric Resour Econ 31(1):93–113Google Scholar
- GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH) (2014) Status of small-scale environmentally friendly shrimp ptoduction in Ca Mau Province. https://daln.gov.vn/r/files/ICMP-CCCEP/tai_lieu/camau/02%2D%2D-Shrimp-baseline%2D%2D-EN%2D%2D-final.pdf. Accessed 20 October 2016
- Greene WH (2012) Econometric analysis (seventh ed). Pearson education, New JerseyGoogle Scholar
- Ha TTT, Bush SR, Mol APJ, Van Dijk H (2012) Organic coasts? Regulatory challenges of certifying integrated shrimp-mangrove production systems in Vietnam. J Rural Stud 28(4):631–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.07.001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Holmström K, Gräslund S, Wahlström A, Poungshompoo S, Bengtsson B-E, Kautsky N (2003) Antibiotic use in shrimp farming and implications for environmental impacts and human health. Int J Food Sci Technol 38:255–266. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.2003.00671.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) (2016) Mangroves & markets final workshop: results and lessons learned. https://www.iucn.org/content/mangroves-markets-final-workshop-results-and-lessons-learned. Accessed 15 January 2017.
- Lebel L, Tri NH, Saengnoree A, Pasong S, Buatama U, Thoa LK (2002) Industrial transformation and shrimp aquaculture in Thailand and Vietnam: pathways to ecological, social, and economic sustainability? AMBIO 31(4):311–323. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.4.311 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Lee S, Nguyen TT, Poppenborg P, Shin H-J, Koellner T (2016) Conventional , partially converted and environmentally friendly farming in South Korea: profitability and factors affecting farmerss choice. Sustainability 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080704 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Menozzi D, Fioravenzi M, Donati M (2015) Farmer’s motivation to adopt sustainable agricultural practices. Bio-Based App Econ 4(2):125–147. https://doi.org/10.13128/BAE-14776 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Naturland (2014) Naturland standards for organic aquaculture. http://www.naturland.de/fileadmin/MDB/documents/Richtlinien_englisch/Naturland-Standards_Aquaculture.pdf. Accessed 12 December 2016.
- Rönnbäck P (1999) The ecological basis for economic value of seafood production supported by mangrove ecosystems. Ecol Econ 29:235–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00016-6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Schenk A, Hunziker M, Kienast F (2007) Factors influencing the acceptance of nature conservation measures-a qualitative study in Switzerland. J Environ Manag 83(1):66–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.01.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Serra T, Zilberman D, Gil JM (2008) Differential uncertainties and risk attitudes between conventional and organic producers: the case of Spanish arable crop farmers. Agric Econ 39:219–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00329.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tendencia EA, Bosma RH, Primavera JH, Verreth JAJ (2012) Effect of different mangrove-to-pond area ratios on influent water quality and WSSV occurrence in Penaeus monodon semi-intensive farms using the greenwater culture technique. Aquaculture 362–363:72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.07.020 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Teshome A, de Graaff J, Kassie M (2016) Household-Level determinants of soil and water conservation adoption phases: evidence from North-Western Ethiopian highlands. Environ Manag 57(3):620–636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0635-5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- The Vietnamese Government (2013) Decision No. 1445/QD-TTg of August 16, 2013, approving the master plan on fisheries development through 2020 with a vision toward 2030, Vietnam. http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/vie164823.pdf. Accessed 10 December 2016
- Tran THS, Ha VH (2008) The variation of mangrove resources in the Mekong River Delta and orientations for conservation and development (in Vietnamese). Hue Univ J Sci 48:135–142Google Scholar
- Veldstra MD, Alexander CE, Marshall MI (2014) To certify or not to certify? Separating the organic production and certification decisions. Food Policy 49:429–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.05.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Wilson GA, Hart K (2000) Financial imperative or conservation concern? EU farmers’ motivations for participation in voluntary agri-environmental schemes. Environ Plan A 32:2161–2185. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3311 CrossRefGoogle Scholar