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Lactate Dehydrogenase Predicts Early Hematoma Expansion and Poor Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients

  • Heling Chu
  • Chuyi Huang
  • Jing Dong
  • Xiaobo Yang
  • Jun Xiang
  • Qiang DongEmail author
  • Yuping TangEmail author
Original Article
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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate whether serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels predicted hematoma expansion and poor outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. The differentially expressed proteins between patients with and without hematoma expansion were screened using proteomic analysis. Then the critical value of the target protein was determined by retrospectively analyzing the data from a derivation cohort. A prospective study on the validation cohort of three clinical centers was performed to investigate the association between the target protein and hematoma expansion and poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale > 3) at 90 days by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Among the 41 differentially expressed proteins, LDH A chain was upregulated, which is one of the two main subunits of LDH protein. Considering that it was easy to determine serum LDH levels, LDH was selected as the target protein. In the derivation cohort, LDH ≥ 220 U/L was selected as the critical value to predict hematoma expansion by using receiver operating characteristic analysis. A total of 366 ICH patients were enrolled in the validation cohort and LDH ≥ 220 U/L was positive in 127 patients (34.7%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated LDH levels and LDH ≥ 220 U/L independently predicted hematoma expansion (p < 0.001) and poor outcomes (p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of LDH ≥ 220 U/L for hematoma expansion and poor outcome prediction were 79.1%, 80.0%, 56.7%, 92.1%, and 79.8% and 53.3%, 78.2%, 63.0%, 70.7%, and 68.0%, respectively. In conclusion, LDH is a reliable predictor for early hematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with ICH.

Keywords

Intracerebral hemorrhage Hematoma expansion Lactate dehydrogenase Proteomic analysis Poor outcomes 
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Notes

Funding

This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81500998) and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, China (No. 16140903200).

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval and Patient Consent

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Fudan University Ethics Committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
  2. 2.Department of Neurology, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
  3. 3.Department of Neurology, Jinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
  4. 4.Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

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