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Comp-D: a program for comprehensive computation of D-statistics and population summaries of reticulated evolution

  • Steven M. MussmannEmail author
  • Marlis R. Douglas
  • Max R. Bangs
  • Michael E. Douglas
Methods and Resources Article
First Online:

Abstract

Computation of Patterson’s D-statistic and its five-taxon derivatives are important phylogenetic methods for the quantification of reticulated evolution, yet are limited in application by the lack of a single, comprehensive program to efficiently perform all necessary calculations from common phylogenetic and population genetic program file formats. To increase accessibility for a broad range of researchers, we present a user-friendly program (COMP-D) that provides flexibility for incorporating heterozygous sites, implements multiple statistical methods, and aggregates results from multiple tests. Program augmentations also facilitate the detection of population-level introgression. COMP-D provides a threefold increase in speed relative to comparable software. It is implemented in C++ and released under the GNU General Public License v3.0. Source code is available for Linux/Mac OS X from: https://github.com/stevemussmann/Comp-D_MPI.

Keywords

RADseq Introgression SNP analysis Next-generation sequencing 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

The Arkansas High Performance Computing Center (AHPCC) provided technical assistance and computational resources. Tyler K. Chafin and Bradley T. Martin promoted software development by testing an early version of the program. This research was conducted in partial fulfillment of the Ph.D. degree in Biological Sciences at University of Arkansas (SMM). It was supported by generous University of Arkansas endowments: The Bruker Professorship in Life Sciences (MRD), the twenty-first Century Chair in Global Change Biology (MED), and a Doctoral Academy Fellowship (SMM). Three anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Supplementary material

12686_2019_1087_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx (12 kb)
Supplementary Table 1. Results of four-taxon D-statistic tests comparing methods in COMP-D for handling heterozygous loci versus those from pyRAD. Each column shows the number of statistically significant tests (α=0.001) in each treatment. COMP-D offers two methods of assessing statistical significance (Z-scores and Chi-square tests) whereas pyRAD offers only Z-scores. Two treatments (HetRand and HetFreq) considered all heterozygous loci in D-statistic calculations, but differed by either randomly picking an allele to represent an individual (HetRand) or using SNP frequency calculations (HetFreq). The HetIgnore method removed all heterozygous loci from calculations. All tests employed SNP-data for catostomid fishes of western North America. Taxonomic abbreviations (P1, P2, P3, and O columns) are as follows: BBS = Bonneville Bluehead Sucker, BLS = Bridgelip Sucker, FMS = Flannelmouth Sucker, LNS = Longnose Sucker, MTS = Mountain Sucker, RBS = Razorback Sucker, SOS = Sonora Sucker, THS = Tahoe Sucker, WTS = White Sucker. Abbreviations in parentheses next to species abbreviations represent different populations. BB = Bonneville Basin, CB = Columbia River Basin, GC = Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, LB = Lahontan Basin, LC = Little Colorado River, UC = Upper Colorado River Basin, VR = Virgin River, wen = Wenima Wildlife Area of the Little Colorado River. (XLSX 11 KB)
12686_2019_1087_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx (12 kb)
Supplementary Table 2. The number of biallelic loci recovered using heterozygous loci (Het. Included) versus only fixed loci (Het. Excluded). Mean number of loci (Avg. Loci) and standard deviation (StDev) are presented for each. The % decrease indicates those loci lost by considering only fixed differences among taxa. All tests employed data for catostomid fishes of western North America. Taxonomic abbreviations (P1, P2, P3, and O columns) are: BBS = Bonneville Bluehead Sucker, BLS = Bridgelip Sucker, FMS = Flannelmouth Sucker, LNS = Longnose Sucker, MTS = Mountain Sucker, RBS = Razorback Sucker, SOS = Sonora Sucker, THS = Tahoe Sucker, WTS = White Sucker. Abbreviations in parentheses next to species abbreviations represent different populations. BB = Bonneville Basin, CB = Columbia River Basin, GC = Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, LB = Lahontan Basin, LC = Little Colorado River, UC = Upper Colorado River Basin, VR = Virgin River, wen = Wenima Wildlife Area of the Little Colorado River. (XLSX 11 KB)

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Copyright information

© Springer Nature B.V. 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  • Steven M. Mussmann
    • 1
    Email author
  • Marlis R. Douglas
    • 1
  • Max R. Bangs
    • 2
  • Michael E. Douglas
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleUSA
  2. 2.Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeUSA

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