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Genomic surveillance links livestock production with the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mexico

  • Enrique Jesús Delgado-SuárezEmail author
  • Rocío Ortíz-López
  • Wondwossen A. Gebreyes
  • Marc W. Allard
  • Francisco Barona-Gómez
  • María Salud Rubio-Lozano
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Abstract

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is increasingly common worldwide. While food animals are thought to contribute to the growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem, limited data is documenting this relationship, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Herein, we aimed to assess the role of non-clinical NTS of bovine origin as reservoirs of AMR genes of human clinical significance. We evaluated the phenotypic and genotypic AMR profiles in a set of 44 bovine-associated NTS. For comparative purposes, we also included genotypic AMR data of additional isolates from Mexico (n = 1,067) that are publicly available. The most frequent AMR phenotypes in our isolates involved tetracycline (40/44), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (26/44), chloramphenicol (19/44), ampicillin (18/44), streptomycin (16/44), and carbenicillin (13/44), while nearly 70% of the strains were MDR. These phenotypes were correlated with a widespread distribution of AMR genes (i.e. tetA, aadA, dfrA12, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, bla-TEM-1, blaCARB-2) against multiple antibiotic classes, with some of them contributed by plasmids and/or class-1 integrons. We observed different AMR genotypes for betalactams and tetracycline resistance, providing evidence of convergent evolution and adaptive AMR. The probability of MDR genotype occurrence was higher in meat-associated isolates than in those from other sources (odds ratio 11.2, 95% confidence interval 4.5–27.9, P < 0.0001). The study shows that beef cattle are a significant source of MDR NTS in Mexico, highlighting the role of animal production on the emergence and spread of MDR Salmonella in LMIC.

Keywords

antimicrobial resistance Salmonella genomics beef production 
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Supplementary material

12275_2019_8421_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (1.9 mb)
Supplementary material, approximately 1.94 MB.
12275_2019_8421_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx (13 kb)
Supplementary material, approximately 12.5 KB.
12275_2019_8421_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx (96 kb)
Supplementary data Table S2. Database of isolates from Mexico with AMR genotypes that were publicly available at NCBI as of July 24 2018
12275_2019_8421_MOESM4_ESM.xlsx (20 kb)
Supplementary data Table S3. Summary of genome assembly and annotation results

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Copyright information

© The Microbiological Society of Korea and Springer Nature B.V. 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  • Enrique Jesús Delgado-Suárez
    • 1
    Email author
  • Rocío Ortíz-López
    • 2
  • Wondwossen A. Gebreyes
    • 3
  • Marc W. Allard
    • 4
  • Francisco Barona-Gómez
    • 5
  • María Salud Rubio-Lozano
    • 1
  1. 1.Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
  2. 2.Tecnológico de MonterreySchool of Medicine and Health SciencesMonterreyMexico
  3. 3.College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA
  4. 4.Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied NutritionU. S. Food and Drug AdministrationCollege ParkUSA
  5. 5.Evolution of Metabolic Diversity LaboratoryUnidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio)Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato, GuanajuatoMexico

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