Abstract
Objectives
To determine the prevalence of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) and its correlates in school going children of Lucknow.
Methods
It is a cross-sectional school based study conducted in a random sample of 1212 school going children of Lucknow belonging to the middle socioeconomic strata. Data was collected via questionnaire designed for parents. Detailed urological history was obtained and physical examination done in the children whose parents answered the questionnaire. The chi-square test was used to compare the categorical/dichotomous indicators and backward logistic regression was used to find out the significant risk factors for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.
Results
Study reports the prevalence of PMNE to be 12.6 % (95 % CI = 10.9–14.3 %) and significant association of enuresis with the presence of home conflicts(adjusted OR = 38.37, 95 % CI = 20.04–73.47), stress in children due to enuresis(adjusted OR = 10.86, 95%CI = 5.73–20.57), scolding(adjusted OR = 6.78,95%CI = 3.69–12.44), parental history of enuresis(adjusted OR = 3.57, 95%CI = 1.96–6.50), poor scholastic performance(adjusted OR = 2.88,95 % = 1.49–5.56), age 6–8 y (adjusted OR = 13.80,95%CI = 4.38–43.45) and living with single parent (adjusted OR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.17–0.68). Prevalence of monosymptmatic nocturnal enuresis MNE was 17.9 % (p = 0.001) among children who were not exclusively breastfed till 6 mo of age in the index study.
Conclusions
Enuresis is a pediatric health problem with high prevalence . Parental awareness needs to be created about this condition.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kanitkar M, Dua T. Nocturnal enuresis. Indian J Pediatr. 2003;70:251–5.
Joinson C, Heron J, Emond A, Butler R. Psychological problems in children with bedwetting and combined (day and night) wetting: a UK population based study. J Pediatr Psychol. 2007;32:605–16.
Nevéus T, von Gontard A, Hoebeke P, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: Report from the Standardization Committee of the International Children’s Continence Society. Urol. 2006;176:314–24.
Iduoriyekemwen NJ, Ibadin MO, Abiodun PO. Survey of childhood enuresis in the Ehor community, the EDO State, Nigeria. Saudi J Kidney Diseases Transpl. 2006;17:177–82.
De Sousa A, Kapoor H, Jagtap J, Sen M. Prevalence and factors affecting enuresis amongst primary school children. Indian J Urol. 2007;23:354–7.
Jiloha RC, Murthy RS. An epidemiological study of psychiatric problems in primary school children. Child Psychiatr Q 1981;14:1-12. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2721563/.
Ozkan KU, Garipardic M, Toktamis A, Karabiber H, Sahinkanat T. Enuresis—prevalence and accompanying factors in school children: a questionnaire study from Southeast Anatolia. Urol Int. 2004;73:149–55.
Mithani S, Zaidi Z. Bed wetting in school children of Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc. 2005;55:2–5.
Kanaheswari Y. Epidemiology of childhood nocturnal enuresis in Malaysia. J Pediatr Child Health. 2003;39:118–23.
Eapen V, Mabrouk AM. Prevalence and nocturnal enuresis in the United Arab Emirates. Saudi Med J. 2003;24:49–51.
Gunes A, Gunes G, Acik Y, Akilli A. The epidemiology and factors associated with nocturnal enuresis among boarding and daytime school children in southeast of Turkey: a cross sectional study. BMC Publ Health. 2009;9:357.
Yeung CK, Sreedhar B, Sihoe JD, Sit FK, Lau J. Differences in characteristics of nocturnal enuresis between children and adolescents: a critical appraisal from a large epidemiological study. BJU Int. 2006;97:1069–73.
Gür E, Turhan P, Can G, et al. Enuresis: prevalence, risk factors and urinary pathology among school children in İstanbul, Turkey. Pediatr Int. 2004;46:58–63.
Inan M, Tokuc B, Aydiner CY, Aksu B, Oner N, Basaran UN. Personal characteristics of enuretic children: an epidemiological study from South-East Europe. Urol Int. 2008;81:47–53.
Singh H, Kaur L, Kataria SP. Enuresis: analysis of 100 cases. Indian Pediatr. 1991;28:375–80.
Aneja S. Nocturnal enuresis. Indian J Pediatr. 2002;69:707–12.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to school authorities for their help and cooperation. They are also indebted to parents and their children for their valuable time and efforts.
Conflict of Interest
None.
Role of Funding Source
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Srivastava, S., Srivastava, K.L. & Shingla, S. Prevalence of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis and its Correlates in School Going Children of Lucknow. Indian J Pediatr 80, 488–491 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-012-0870-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-012-0870-1