The investigation of butyl acrylate grafting using model alkyds
- 52 Downloads
Abstract
Four model alkyds (stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic model alkyds) were copolymerized with butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of AIBN or BPO. 1H and 2D gHMQC NMR, Soxhlet extraction, and gas chromatography were used to characterize model alkyd–BA systems. It was found that mechanisms of grafting BA onto model alkyds were dependent on the structure of fatty acids in the model alkyds. In stearic model alkyd hybrid systems, BA homopolymer was the predominate pathway with minimal grafting via hydrogen abstraction from polyol backbone followed by termination with propagating BA radicals. Oleic model alkyd–BA systems improved the degree of grafting by direct addition of the BA free radical to the double bonds. Severe retardation of BA polymerization was observed in both linoleic and linolenic model alkyd–BA systems due to the presence of double allylic sites. A chain transfer process subsequently dominates the other free radical pathways leading to a high degree of grafting.
Keywords
Alkyds Acrylates Grafting Free radical MechanismReferences
- 1.Zeno, W, Wicks, J, Jones, FN, Pappas, SP, Wicks, DA, Organic Coatings Science and Technology. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey (1999)Google Scholar
- 2.Paul, S, Surface Coatings: Science and Technology, p. 700. John Wiley and Sons, New York (1985)Google Scholar
- 3.Co, RH, The Methacrylation of Alkyd Resins (1958)Google Scholar
- 4.Armitage, FJ, Hewitt, DH, “Styrene Copolymers in Surface Coatings.” J. Oil Colour Chem. Assoc., 29 109 (1946)Google Scholar
- 5.Patton, TC, Alkyd Resin Technology. Wiley, New York (1962)Google Scholar
- 6.Martens, CR, Alkyd Resin. Reinhold Publishing Corp, New York (1961)Google Scholar
- 7.Nabuurs, T, Baijards, RA, German, AL, “Alkyd-Acrylic Hybrid Systems for Use as Binders in Waterborne Paints.” Prog. Org. Coat., 27 (1–4) 163–172 (1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Ataei, S, Yahya, R, Gan, SN, “Fast Physical Drying, High Water and Salt Resistant Coatings from Non-drying Vegetable Oil.” Prog. Org. Coat., 72 (4) 703–708 (2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Wang, Q, Soucek, M, The Investigation of Methyl Methacrylate Grafting on Model Single Fatty Acid Alkyds (2016)Google Scholar
- 10.ASTM D1639-90 Standard Test Method for Acid Value of Organic Coating Materials. ASTM International (1996)Google Scholar
- 11.Tsavalas, JG, Luo, YW, Schork, FJ, “Grafting Mechanisms in Hybrid Miniemulsion Polymerization.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 87 (11) 1825–1836 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Dziczkowski, J, Dudipala, V, Soucek, MD, “Investigation of Grafting Sites of Acrylic Monomers onto Alkyd Resins via gHMQC Two-Dimensional NMR: Part 1.” Prog. Org. Coat., 73 (4) 294–307 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Dziczkowski, J, Dudipala, V, Soucek, MD, “Grafting Sites of Acrylic Mixed Monomers onto Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Part 2.” Prog. Org. Coat., 73 (4) 308–320 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Smith, M, March, J, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry. Wiley, Hoboken (2007)Google Scholar
- 15.James, K, Understanding NMR Spectroscopy, 2nd ed. Wiley, Hoboken (2010)Google Scholar
- 16.Tsavalas, JG, Luo, YW, Hudda, L, Schork, FJ, “Limiting Conversion Phenomenon in Hybrid Miniemulsion Polymerization.” Polym. React. Eng., 11 (3) 277–304 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar