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Effect of temperature on Pi54-mediated leaf blast resistance in rice

  • P. Madhusudhan
  • P. SinhaEmail author
  • L. S. Rajput
  • M. Bhattacharya
  • Taru Sharma
  • V. Bhuvaneshwari
  • Kishore Gaikwad
  • S. Gopala Krishnan
  • A. K. Singh
Original Paper
First Online:

Abstract

Assessment of temperature effect on plant resistance against diseases has become essential under climate change scenario as temperature rise is anticipated to modify host resistance. To determine temperature influence on resistance gene, a pair of near-isogenic rice lines differing for the Pi54 resistance gene was assessed against leaf blast. Blast resistance was determined as the extent of infection efficiency (IE) and sporulation (SP) at suboptimal (22 °C and 32 °C) and optimal temperature (27 °C) of pathogen aggressiveness. Relative resistance for IE and SP was higher at suboptimal temperature as compared to that of optimal temperature. Maximum level of resistance was at 22 °C where higher levels of expression of Pi54 and defence-regulatory transcription factor WRKY45 were also noted. At 32 °C, although some level of resistance noted, but level of Pi54 and WRKY45 expression was too low, suggesting that resistance recorded at higher temperature was due to reduced pathogen aggressiveness. At the optimal temperature for pathogen aggressiveness, comparatively lower levels of Pi54 and WRKY45 expression suggest possible temperature-induced interruption of the defence processes. The variation in resistance patterns modulated by temperature is appeared to be due to pathogen’s sensitivity to temperature that leads to varying levels of Pi54 gene activation. Quick and violent activity of the pathogen at optimal temperature came into sight for the interruption of defence process activated by Pi54 gene. Evaluation of blast resistance genes under variable temperature conditions together with weather data could be applied in screening rice genotypes for selection of resistance having resilience to temperature rise.

Keywords

Leaf blast Relative resistance Rice Temperature influence 

Abbreviations

PAMP

Pathogen associated molecular pattern

ETI/ETS

Effector triggered immunity/effector triggered susceptibility

Pi 54

Resistance gene

WRKY45

Transcription factor

MAP

Mitogen associated protein

RRSP

Relative resistance for sporulation

RRIE

Relative resistance for infection efficiency

RRLP

Relative resistance for latent period

IE

Infection efficiency

LP

Latent period

SP

Sporulation

DOI

Days of inoculation

LP50

Latent period indicates time taken for sporulation in 50% of the lesions

RRc

Combined relative resistance

Q10

Rate of change of a biological or chemical system as a consequence of increasing the temperature by 10 °C

NBS-LRR

Nuclear binding site- leiucine rich repeat

mRNAPi54

mRNA for Pi54 gene

mRNAWRKT45

mRNA for transcription factor WRKY45 gene

Mi-1.2

Nematode resistance gene

R

Resistance gene

QDR

Qualitative disease resistance

TF

Transcription factor

PRR78

Rice genotype susceptible to leaf blast

ICAR-IARI

Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Imax

Number of mRNA molecules synthesized/min or transcription initiation rate /min

kb

Activation coefficient

Yp

Occupancy − average probability that the target site will be occupied by the transcription factor and DNA − protein complex once formed

tm

Transcriptional delay in minute

kdm

mRNA turnover rate/min

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Notes

Acknowledgements

We are very much thankful to the Head Division of Plant Pathology, Joint Directors (Academic and Research) and Director ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012 and NICRA project for financial support.

Funding

Funding was provideed by Indian Council of Agricultural Research [Grant No. 14-215].

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© Springer Nature B.V. 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  • P. Madhusudhan
    • 1
    • 3
  • P. Sinha
    • 1
    Email author
  • L. S. Rajput
    • 1
    • 6
  • M. Bhattacharya
    • 2
  • Taru Sharma
    • 1
  • V. Bhuvaneshwari
    • 7
  • Kishore Gaikwad
    • 4
  • S. Gopala Krishnan
    • 5
  • A. K. Singh
    • 5
  1. 1.Division of Plant PathologyICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew DelhiIndia
  2. 2.Department of AgronomyIOWA State UniversityAmesUSA
  3. 3.Agricultural Research StationAcharya N G Ranga Agricultural UniversityNelloreIndia
  4. 4.National Institute for Plant BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
  5. 5.Division of GeneticsICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew DelhiIndia
  6. 6.Division of Plant ProtectionICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean ResearchIndoreIndia
  7. 7.Regional Agricultural Research StationAcharya N G Ranga Agricultural UniversityMaruteruIndia

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