Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sero-positivity and associated risk factors for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia under two cattle production systems in North Central Nigeria

  • Regular Articles
  • Published:
Tropical Animal Health and Production Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A cross-sectional survey of 765 cattle in 125 nomadic and 375 cattle in 125 sedentary herds was conducted to investigate prevalence and risk factors for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in the two production systems of Niger State in North Central Nigeria, between January and August 2013. Data on herd characteristics were collected using structured questionnaires administered on herd owners. Serological analysis was conducted using competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) test. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted with OpenEpi version 2.3.1 software. Statistical significance was held at P < 0.05. CBPP sero-prevalence in nomadic cattle was 16.2 % (confidence interval (CI) 13.7–19.0) and 9.6 % (CI 6.9–12.9) in sedentary cattle. The overall cattle-level sero-prevalence for two the cattle production systems was 14.0 % (CI 12.1–16.1). Age and agro-ecological zones were significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) associated with sero-positivity to Mmm in nomadic production. Agro-ecological zone C had the highest sero-prevalence (25.3 %, CI 20.2–31.0). No significant cattle factors were detected in sedentary production. Factors significantly associated with CBPP occurrence at herd-level were contacts with other herds during grazing (P < 0.001) and at watering points (P < 0.001). Others were introduction of new cattle into herd (P < 0.001), outbreaks of CBPP in an area (P < 0.001), socio-cultural factors of cattle gifts and dowry payment (P < 0.001), herd composition of keeping cattle and small ruminants together (P < 0.001), and long trekking during migrations (P = 0.0009). This study had shown the burden of CBPP in the two production systems. Sero-diagnosis and risk factor identification should be institutionalized as elements of epidemio-surveillance and control strategies for CBPP, especially in resource-poor pastoralists’ settlements in Nigeria.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alhaji, N.B., 2011. Participatory epizootiology of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Niger State, Nigeria. MPVM Dissertation, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aliyu, M.M., Obi, T.U. and Egwu, G.O., 2000. Prevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Northern Nigeria. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 47, 263–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aliyu, M.M., Obi, T.U., Oladosu, L.A., Egwu, G.O. and Ameh, J.A., 2003. The Use of Competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay in Combination with Abattoir Survey for CBPP Surveillance in Nigeria. Tropical Veterinarian, 21 (2), 35-41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amanfu, W., 2009. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (lung sickness) in Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 76 (1), 13-17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boelaert F., Speybroeck, N., de Kruif, A., Aerts, M., Burzykowski, T., Molenberghs, G. and Berkvens, D.L., 2005. Risk factors for herpesvirus-1 seropositivity. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 69, 285-295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, A.G., Sullivan, K.M. and Soe, M.M., 2009. OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health, Version 2.3.1 www.OpenEpi.com.

  • Egwu, G.O., Adamu, M., Mshelia, G.D. and Bukar-Kolo, Y.M., 2012. A sustainable laboratory approach for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) monitoring in Nigeria: Comparison between two serological tests in an endemic area complimented with post mortem lesions. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(30), 5890-5895.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO, 2000. Extract from the report of the Second Meeting of the FAO/OIE/IAEA/OAU-IBAR Consultative group on Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Rome, Italy, and 24-26 October.

  • FAO, 2003. Final Research Co-ordination Meeting of the FAO/IAEA Co-ordinate Research Programme on the “Monitoring of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Africa using Enzyme Immunoassays”. 21 February, 2003, Bamako, Mali.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikpa, L.T., Ankeli, P.I., Jambalang, A.R., Atuman, Y.J., Akalusi, Y. and Nwankpa, N., 2010. Detection of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in mixed cattle breed farm in Bauchi state, Nigeria. In: the proceedings of the 47th Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA) Conference held in Markurdi, Benue State on Monday 4th – Friday 8th October, 171-172.

  • Jiuqing, X.., Li, Y.., Nicholas, R.A.J., Chen, C., Liu, Y., Zhang, M..J. and Dong, H., 2011. A history of the prevalence and control of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in China. Veterinary Journal, 191 (2), 166-170.

  • Jores, J., Mariner, J.C. and Naessens, J., 2013. Development of an improved vaccine for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: an African perspective on challenges and proposed actions. Veterinary Research, 44 (1), 122-126.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kassaye, D. and, Molla, W., 2012. Seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia at export quarantine centers in and around Adama, Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 45(1), 275-279.

  • Kusiluka, L.J., Semuguruka, W.D., Kazwala, R.R., Ojeniy, B. and Friis, N.F., 2000. Demonstration of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumonae and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, small colony type in outbreaks of capine pleuropneumonia in eastern Tanzania. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 41(3), 311-319.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Goff, C. and Thiaucourt, F., 1998. A competitive ELISA for the diagnosis of contagious bovine Specific wept pneumonia (CBPP). Veterinary Microbiology, 60, 179-191.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manso-Silván, L., Vilei, E.M., Sachse, K., Djordjevic, S.P., Thiaucourt, F. and Frey, J., 2009. Proposal to assign Mycoplasma leachii sp. nov. as a new species designation for Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 of leach, and reclassification of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC as a serovar of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 59(6), 1353-1358.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mariner, J.C., McDermott, J., Heesterbeek, J.A.P., Thomson, G. and Martin, S.W., 2006. A model of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia transmission dynamics in East Africa. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 73, 55-74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matua-Alumira, R.W., Ng’ang’a, Z., Kiara, H., Matere, C., Mbithi, F., Mwirigi, M., Marobella- Raborogwe, C. and Sidiadie, S., 2006. The Prevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Cattle under Different Production Systems in Kajiado District, Kenya. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, 6-8th June. Cairns, Canada.

  • MLFD, 2013. Estimated livestock population in Niger State. Annual Livestock Report of the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development (MLFD), Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, 28pp.

  • Nawathe, D.R., 1992. Resurgence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Nigeria. Review Scientifique et Technique; Office international des epizooties, 11 (3), 799-804.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niang, M., Diallo, M., Cisse, O., Kone, M., Doucoure, M., Roth, J.A., Balcer-Rodrigues, V. and Dedieu, L., 2006. Pulmonary and serum antibody responses elicited in zebu cattle experimentally infected with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC by contact exposure. Veterinary Research, 37, 733–744.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas, R., R. Ayling, R. and McAuliffe, L., 2008. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. In: Mycoplasma Diseases of Ruminants. CABI, pp: 69- 97.

  • Nwankpa, N.D., Molokwu, J.U., Abiayi, E. and Lombin, L.H., 2004. Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: Current Situation and the Need to Develop a Control Strategy for Nigeria. In: D. Shamaki, M. Muhammad and J. U. Molokwu (eds.). National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Seminar Series ISSN 1597-1651, 15-19.

  • Nwanta, J.N. and Umoh, J.U., 1992. The epidemiology of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in northern states of Nigeria: an update. Revue d’Elevage de Medicine Veterinaire des pays Tropicaux, 45, 17- 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obi, T.U. 2005., Transboundary animal diseases and our national food security: Strategy for control/ eradication. A lead paper presented at the plenary session of the 42 Annual Congress. Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, University of Maiduguri, 14 - 17 November, 2005.

  • OIE, 2014. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. In: Terrestrial Manual of diagnosis tests and vaccines. Pp 1-15. www.oie.int/list. Accessed 5 December 2014.

  • Olabode, H.O.K., Mailafia, S., Adah, B.M.J., Nafarnda, W.D., Ikpa, L.T., Jambalang, A.R. and Bello, R.H., 2013. Serological Evidence of Contagious Bovine Pleuro-Pneumonia antibodies in trade cattle (Bos Indicus) sold in Kwara State, Nigeria. Online International Journal of Microbiology Research, 1 (1), 14-19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W. and Constable, P.D., 2007. Veterinary Medicine. A Text book of Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 10th ed. W.B., Saunders, London, pp. 1131–1138.

  • Schnee, C., Heller, M., Jores, J., Tomaso, H., Neubauer, H., 2011. Assessment of a novel multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of the CBPP agent Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC through experimental infection in cattle. BMC Veterinary Research, 7, 47-53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, E., Sachse, K., Jores, J. and Heller, M., 2011. Serological testing of cattle experimentally infected with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony using four different tests reveals a variety of seroconversion patterns. BMC Veterinary Research, 7, 72-82.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tambi, N.E., Maina, W.O. and Ndi, C., 2006. An estimation of the economic impact of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Africa. Review Scientifique et Technique; Office international des epizooties, 25 (3), 999-1012.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tardy, F., Gaurivaud, P., Manso-Silván, L., Thiaucourt, F., Pellet, M.P., Mercier, P., et al., 2011. Extended surveillance for CBPP in a free country: Challenges and solutions regarding the potential caprine reservoir. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 101 (1-2), 89-95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teshale, T., Temesgen, T., Tsigabu, N., Birhanu, H., Solomon, W. and Tesfay, A., 2015. Epidemiological Status of Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia in Southern Zone of Tigray Regions, Northern Ethiopia. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3(1), 32-36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thrusfield, M., 2009. Veterinary Epidemiology. 3rd ed.Blackwell Science, Ltd., Oxford, UK.

  • Vilei, E.M. and Frey, J., 2010. Detection of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of cows based on a TaqMan real-time PCR discriminating wild type strains from an lppQ(-) mutant vaccine strain used for DIVA-strategies. Journal of Microbiology and Methods, 81 (3), 211-218.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WMADH, 2001. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bulletin of World Health Organization, 79, 373–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Windsor, R.S., Wood, A., 1998. Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: The Costs of Control in Central/Southern Africa. Annals of New York Academy of Science, 849, 299-306.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Windsor, R.S., 2000. The eradication of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia from south western Africa: A plan for action. Annals of New York Academy of Science, 916, 326-332.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to all participating pastoralists for their cooperation. The Area Animal Health field officers of the Niger State Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development are thanked for their field assistance during samples collection. We also appreciate the kind assistance of the technical staff of the Mycoplasmas Research Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria, during the serological analysis.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Nma Bida Alhaji

    Present address: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Olutayo Olajide Babalobi

  2. Zoonoses and Epidemiology Unit, Niger State Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Minna, Nigeria

    Nma Bida Alhaji

Authors
  1. Nma Bida Alhaji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Olutayo Olajide Babalobi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nma Bida Alhaji.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

None of the authors of this paper has a financial or personal relationship with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alhaji, N.B., Babalobi, O.O. Sero-positivity and associated risk factors for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia under two cattle production systems in North Central Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 48, 311–320 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0952-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-015-0952-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation