Hydroxyectoine protects Mn-depleted photosystem II against photoinhibition acting as a source of electrons
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Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the effect of hydroxyectoine (Ect-OH), a heterocyclic amino acid, on oxygen evolution in photosystem II (PS II) membrane fragments and on photoinhibition of Mn-depleted PS II (apo-WOC-PS II) preparations. The degree of photoinhibition of apo-WOC-PS II preparations was estimated by the loss of the capability of exogenous electron donor (sodium ascorbate) to restore the amplitude of light-induced changes of chlorophyll fluorescence yield (∆F). It was found that Ect-OH (i) stimulates the oxygen-evolving activity of PS II, (ii) accelerates the electron transfer from exogenous electron donors (K4[Fe(CN)6], DPC, TMPD, Fe2+, and Mn2+) to the reaction center of apo-WOC-PS II, (iii) enhances the protective effect of exogenous electron donors against donor-side photoinhibition of apo-WOC-PS II preparations. It is assumed that Ect-OH can serve as an artificial electron donor for apo-WOC-PS II, which does not directly interact with either the donor or acceptor side of the reaction center. We suggest that the protein conformation in the presence of Ect-OH, which affects the extent of hydration, becomes favorable for accepting electrons from exogenous donors. To our knowledge, this is the first study dealing with redox activity of Ect-OH towards photosynthetic pigment–protein complexes.
Keywords
Photosystem II Water-oxidizing complex Hydroxyectoine PhotoinhibitionAbbreviations
- PS II
Photosystem II
- RC
Reaction center
- WOC
Water-oxidizing complex
- apo-WOC-PS II
Photosystem II membrane fragments deprived of manganese
- P680
The primary electron donor of PS II
- QA, QB
The primary and secondary plastoquinone electron acceptor of PS II, respectively
- PQ
Plastoquinone
- PQH2
Plastoquinol
- YZ
Redox-active tyrosine residue 161 of D1 protein
- DPC
Diphenylcarbazide
- TMPD
N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
- MES
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid
- Ect-OH
Hydroxyectoine ((4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid)
- ΔF
Photoinduced changes of chlorophyll fluorescence yield of PS II
- Fo
The level of fluorescence induced by the measuring light
- Fm
Maximal level of fluorescence
- PI
Photoinhibition
Notes
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. AA Khorobrykh for many useful comments and discussions. This work was supported by the RFBR № 17-00-00201. The results presented in Fig. 1 and Fig. S2 were obtained with support from the Russian Science Foundation (Grant 14-14-00535). The results presented in Fig. 4 were obtained with support from the Minobrnauki of Russia (theme AAAA-A17-117030110140-5).
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Supplementary material
References
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