Deformation Effects During Forging of Large Ingots

Technology is provide for the effect of deformation on ingot microstructure during forging in hydraulic presses. Five deformation effects are realized during forging with traditional tools, i.e., V-shaped and combined dies, and six using special dies for forging with macro-shear. The deformation stages described are illustrated by seven pictures of ingot forging fragments of six standard sizes. The overall ingot forging coefficient is determined, equal to 2.36, and in this case the dendrite structure is completely deformed. During ingot bending tests specimens are bent but not broken, and during tensile tests the mechanical property anisotropy coefficient reaches one.