Governing ambiguity and implementing cross-sectoral programmes: urban regeneration for social mix in Paris
Abstract
This article deals with the implementation of cross-sectoral programmes for urban regeneration. Contributing to the literature on social mixing in housing and to debates within the third generation implementation research, it argues that concepts of governing and implementing should be differentiated. Based on a case study of a cross-sectoral, multi-layered and multi-actor programme for urban regeneration of low-income neighbourhoods in Paris, it shows that governing relates to ‘power over’ a multidimensional policy problem, while implementing corresponds to ‘power to’ take action in a certain policy sector. This conceptual distinction allows the scrutiny of vertical and horizontal governance structures within cross-sectoral urban programmes, showing the complexity of integrated housing initiatives. Following Matland’s (J Public Adm Res Theory 5(2): 145–174, 1995) synthesis, the article argues that his variables of ambiguity and conflict cannot be isolated from one another. Indeed, the level of ambiguity around initial policy goals produces a proportional degree of conflict during the implementation phase.
Keywords
Governance Implementation Urban regeneration Ambiguity ConflictNotes
References
- Arbaci, S., & Rae, I. (2013). Mixed-tenure neighbourhoods in London: Policy myth or effective device to alleviate deprivation? International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(2), 451–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Arthurson, K., Levin, I., & Ziersch, A. (2015). Social mix, “[A] very, very good idea in a vacuum but you have to do it properly!” Exploring social mix in a right to the city framework. International Journal of Housing Policy, 15(4), 418–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bacqué, M.-H., & Charmes, E. (2016). La mixité sociale, et après?. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
- Bacqué, M.-H., Fijalkow, Y., Launay, L., & Vermeersch, S. (2011). Social mix policies in Paris: Discourses, policies and social effects. International Journal of Urban Regional Research, 35(1), 256–273.Google Scholar
- Ball, M., & Maginn, P. J. (2005). Urban change and conflict: Evaluating the role of partnerships in urban regeneration in the UK. Housing Studies, 20(1), 9–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Blakeley, G., & Evans, B. (2009). Who participates, how and why in urban regeneration projects? The Case of the New City of East Manchester. Social Policy and Administration, 43(3), 15–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Blanc, M. (2010). The impact of social mix policies in France. Housing Studies, 25(2), 257–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Boisseuil, C. (2016). Agences exécutives et reddition de comptes: le cas de l’Agence nationale pour la renovation urbaine. Revue Française d’Administration Publique, 160(4), 1155–1170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bridge, G., Butler, T., & Le Galès, P. (2014). Power relations and social mix in metropolitan neighbourhoods in North America and Europe: Moving beyond gentrification? International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(4), 1133–1141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chamboredon, J.-C., & Lemaire, M. (1970). Proximité spatiale et distance sociale. Les grands ensembles et leur peuplement, Revue Française de Sociologie, 11(1), 3–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chaskin, R. J., & Joseph, M. K. (2013). “Positive” gentrification, social control and the “Right to the City” in mixed-income communities: Uses and expectations of space and place. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(2), 480–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chaskin, R. J., Webber, H. S., & Joseph, M. L. (2007). The Theoretical Basis for Addressing Poverty Through Mixed-Income Development. Urban Affairs Review, 42(3), 369–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Clerval, A. (2013). Paris sans le peuple. La gentrification de la capitale. Paris: La Découverte.Google Scholar
- Commaille, J., & Jobert, B. (1998). Les métamorphoses de la régulation politique. Paris: LGDJ.Google Scholar
- Cour des comptes. (2012). La politique de la ville. Une décennie de réformes. Paris: Cour des comptes.Google Scholar
- Donzelot, J. (Ed.). (2012). A quoi sert la rénovation urbaine ?. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
- Donzelot, J., & Estèbe, P. (1994). L’État animateur: essai sur la politique de la ville. Paris: Esprit.Google Scholar
- Epstein, R. (2013). La rénovation urbaine: Démolition-reconstruction de l’Etat. Paris: Presses de Sciences Po.Google Scholar
- Galster, G. (2007). Neighbourhood social mix as a goal of housing policy: A theoretical analysis. International Journal of Housing Policy, 7(1), 19–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Galster, G. C., & Friedrichs, J. (2015). The dialectic of neighborhood social mix. Housing Studies, 30(2), 175–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Genestier, P. (2010). La mixité: mot d’ordre, vœu pieux ou simple argument. Espaces et sociétés, 1(140–141), 21–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gilbert, P. (2009). Social stakes of urban renewal: Recent French housing policy. Building Research and Information, 37(5–6), 638–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Górczyńska, M. (2017). Social and housing tenure mix in Paris intra-muros, 1990–2010. Housing Studies, 32(4), 385–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Green, H., & Booth, P. (1996). Six years of urban policy in France: The contrat de ville programme. Modern and Contemporary France, 4(2), 183–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hall, S., & Hickman, P. (2011). Resident participation in housing regeneration in France. Housing Studies, 26(6), 827–843.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hill, M., & Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing public policy. London: Sage Publication.Google Scholar
- Houard, N. (2009). Droit au logement et mixité: les contradictions du logement. Paris: L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
- Houard, N. (Ed.). (2012). La politique de la ville: Comparaison internationale. Paris: Centre d’analyse stratégique.Google Scholar
- Huete-Garcia, M. A., Merinero-Rodríguez, R., & Muñoz-Moreno, R. (2016). Urban regeneration policy from the integrated urban development model in the European Union: An analytical approach based on the study of Spanish cities. Local Government Studies, 42(2), 267–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Huning, S., & Schuster, N. (2015). “Social Mixing” or “Gentrification”? Contradictory perspectives on urban change in the Berlin district of Neukölln. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 39(4), 738–755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- John, P., & Cole, A. (1999). Political leadership in the new urban governance: Britain and France compared. Local Government Studies, 25(4), 98–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kirszbaum, T. (2008). Rénovation urbaine, les leçons américaines. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
- Kokx, A. (2011). Partnerships in urban restructuring: Building long-term relationships or a pragmatic managerial tool? The Dutch experience. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 35(5), 1026–1047.Google Scholar
- Korsu, E. (2016). Building social mix by building social housing? An evaluation in the Paris, Lyon and Marseille Metropolitan areas. Housing Studies, 31(5), 598–623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Larsen, K. (2005). New Urbanism’s role in inner-city neighborhood revitalization. Housing Studies, 20(5), 795–813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lascoumes, P. (1990). Les normes juridiques et la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques. Année Sociologique, 40, 43–71.Google Scholar
- Lees, L. (2008). Gentrification and social mixing: Towards an inclusive urban renaissance? Urban Studies, 45(12), 2449–2470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lelévrier, C. (2010). La mixité dans la rénovation urbaine: Dispersion ou re-concentration? Espaces et sociétés, 1(140–141), 59–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lelévrier, C. (2013). Forced relocation in France: How residential trajectories affect individual experiences. Housing Studies, 28(2), 243–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lipsky, M. (1980). Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
- Livingston, M., Kearns, A., & Bailey, N. (2015). Delivering mixed communities: The relationship between housing tenure mix and social mix in England’s neighbourhoods. Housing Studies, 28(7), 1056–1080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lopez-Morales, E. (2011). Gentrification by ground rent dispossession: The shadows cast by large-scale urban renewal in Santiago de Chile. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 35(2), 330–357.Google Scholar
- Matland, R. (1995). Synthesizing implementation literature: The ambiguity-conflict model. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 5(2), 145–174.Google Scholar
- Mazmanian, D., & Sabatier, P. (1980). The implementation of public policy: A framework of analysis. Policy Studies Journal, 8, 538–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Muir, J. (2004). Public participation in area-based urban regeneration programmes. Housing Studies, 19(6), 947–966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Muller, P. (2000). L’analyse cognitive des politiques publiques: vers une sociologie politique de l’action publique. Revue française de science politique, 50(2), 189–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Muller, P. (2005). Structures, acteurs et cadres cognitifs. Revue française de science politique, 55(1), 155–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- ONZUS—Observatoire National des Zones Urbaines Sensibles. (2013). Dix ans de Programme national de rénovation urbaine: Bilan et perspectives. Paris: éditions du CIV.Google Scholar
- Palier, B. (2002). De la crise aux réformes de l’État-providence. Le cas français en perspective comparée. Revue française de sociologie, 43(2), 243–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Pansardi, P. (2012). Power to and power over: Two distinct concepts of power? Journal of Political Power, 5(1), 73–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Peters, G., & Pierre, J. (1998). Governance without government? rethinking public administration. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8(2), 223–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Pressman, J. L. & Wildavsky, A. (1984 [1973]) Implementation. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
- Rose, D., Germain, A., Bacqué, M.-H., Bridge, G., Fijalkow, Y., & Slater, T. (2013). “Social Mix” and neighbourhood revitalization in a transatlantic perspective: Comparing local policy discourses and expectations in Paris (France), Bristol (UK) and Montréal (Canada). International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(2), 430–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Saetren, H. (2014). Implementing the third generation research paradigm in policy implementation research: An empirical assessment. Public Policy and Administration, 29(2), 84–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sander, R. H., Kucheva, Y. A., & Zasloff, J. M. (2018). Moving toward integration: The past and future of fair housing. Boston: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tanter, A., & Toubon, J.-C. (1999). Mixité sociale et politiques de peuplement: genèse de l’ethnicisation des opérations de réhabilitation. Sociétés contemporaines, 33(1), 59–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Unsal, B. O. (2015). State-led urban regeneration in Istanbul: Power struggles between interest groups and poor communities. Housing Studies, 30(8), 1299–1316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Van Kempen, R., & Bolt, G. (2009). Social cohesion, social-mix and urban policies in the Netherlands. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 24, 457–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Visser, K., Bolt, G., & Van Kempen, R. (2013). Urban restructuring and forced relocations: Housing opportunities for youth? A case study in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Housing Studies, 28(2), 294–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Wolman, H. (1981). The determinants of program success and failure. Journal of Public Policy, 4, 433–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar