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Characteristics of tide–surge interaction and its roles in the distribution of surge residuals along the coast of China

  • Jianlong Feng
  • Wensheng Jiang
  • Delei Li
  • Qiulin Liu
  • Hui WangEmail author
  • Kexiu Liu
Original Article
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Abstract

Tide–surge interaction plays an important role in the distribution of surges along the coast of China. A comprehensive understanding of tide–surge interaction will provide more accurate estimates of extreme sea levels and storm surges. This study applied a statistical method to hourly tide–surge data from 12 tide gauges located along the coast of China to examine the dependency of residual maxima on tidal phases. Statistical significance has been tested quantitatively for each site utilizing the chi-square test. Results show that significant tide–surge interaction exists at all 12 tide gauge sites, but the strength of the interactions differs according to location. The distributions of peak residuals are significantly different from the uniform distribution and can be divided into three types. In the first type, the residual generally reaches its peak value during the rising tide (2–4 h before high tide), whereas in the second type, the residual reaches its peak mostly during the ebb tide (2–4 h after the high tide). In the third type, the residual reaches peaks during both ebb and rising tides. The main causes of tide–surge interactions are the tidal phase alteration caused by surge and the modulation of surge due to tides at the tide gauge. Tide–surge interactions at Lianyungang and Xiamen are more significant than those at other gauge sites. At Kanmen and Keelung, the tide–surge interactions are weakest. Variations of the tide–surge interaction at Xiamen and Quarry Bay show that the interaction has not varied significantly during the past 40 years and that tide–surge interactions tend to be more stable with the strengthening of the interaction.

Keywords

Tide Residual Tide–surge interaction Coast of China 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

We would thank the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center for the data used in this paper. This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1401900 and 2017YFC1404200), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 41706020 and 41406032) and Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting.

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Copyright information

© The Oceanographic Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.National Marine Data and Information ServiceTianjinChina
  2. 2.Laboratory of Marine Environment and EcologyOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
  3. 3.Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and WavesInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
  4. 4.Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards ForecastingNational Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, SOABeijingChina
  5. 5.Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Information TechnologyNational Marine Data and Information Service, State Oceanic AdministrationTianjinChina

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