Introducing Movement into Couple Therapy: Clients’ Expectations and Perceptions
Abstract
The integration of body-movement in couple therapy has gained increasing recognition in recent years. This study aimed at understanding the motivation and expectations of clients who have chosen to turn to Couple Psychotherapy through Movement and the extent to which they felt that these expectations were met in the process. Nine couples (n = 18 individuals) from a variety of backgrounds, religious affiliations, and countries of origin participated in 12 couple therapy sessions that included somatic and kinetic emphases. They were interviewed and responded to questionnaires both before and after the sessions. The findings indicated that the expectations of the participants related to a fuller expression of their difficulties and needs within the relationship through body-movement integrated therapy, and their perceptions of the process and its conclusion converged on three major themes: (a) the importance of introducing increased vitality, creativity, and playfulness into the relationship; (b) the need to learn a new mode of communication through the body; and (c) the contribution of bodily communication to the partners’ attainment of new insights about each other and their relationship. These findings highlight the role of the body in joint emotional experiences, suggesting that engaging in movement combined with verbal processing may enable partners to transform implicit bodily knowledge into conscious material in their relationship. The acquaintance with their own and their partners’ “somatic native tongue” will enhance the emotional dialogue between them, particularly in the context of ethnic and cultural diversity or different native tongues.
Keywords
Couple therapy Cultural diversity Different native tongues Embodied relationshipNotes
Compliance with Ethical Standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
References
- Allen, J. R., & St George, S. (2001). What couples say works in domestic violence therapy. The Qualitative Report, 6, 1–20.Google Scholar
- Amighi, J. K., Loman, S., Lewis, P., & Sossin, K. M. (1999). The meaning of movement. Developmental perspectives of the Kestenberg movement profile. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach.Google Scholar
- Behrends, A., Müller, S., & Dziobek, I. (2016). Dancing supports empathy: The potential of interactional movement and dance for psychotherapy. In G. Hauke (Ed.), European psychotherapy 2016/2017: Embodiment in psychotherapy (pp. 99–131). United Kingdom: Books on Demand.Google Scholar
- Bird, M. H., Butler, M. H., & Fife, S. T. (2007). The process of couple healing following infidelity: A qualitative study. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 6, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1300/J398v06n04_01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bowen, C., Madill, A., & Stratton, P. (2002). Parental accounts of blaming within the family: A dialectical model for understanding blame in systemic therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 28, 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2002.tb00351.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners.England. London: Sage.Google Scholar
- Chenail, R. J., George, S. S., Wulff, D., Duffy, M., Scott, K. W., & Tomm, K. (2012). Clients’ relational conceptions of conjoint couple and family therapy quality: A grounded formal theory. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38, 241–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00246.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cunningham, J. (2014). Potential benefits of dance movement psychotherapy with couples experiencing infertility. Body Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy, 9, 237–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/17432979.2014.946969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Damasio, A.(2011).Neural basis of emotions. Scholarpedia, 6, 1804. https://doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Davis, S. D., Lebow, J., & Sprenkle, D. H. (2012). Common factors of change in couple therapy. Behavior Therapy, 43, 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.01.009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Davis, S. D., & Piercy, F. P. (2007). What clients of couple therapy model developers and their former students say about change, part II: Model-independent common factors and an integrative framework. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33, 344–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2007.00030.x CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Duman, S., Grodin, J., Cespedes, Y., Fine, E., Otilingam, P., & Margolin, G. (2007). Couples. In M. Hersen, & J. C. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of clinical interviewing with adults (pp. 340–357). London: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412982733.n22&%23x200F;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Eddy, M. (2016). Mindful movement: The evolution of the somatic arts and conscious action. Chicago: Intellect.Google Scholar
- Elliott, R., & James, E. (1989). Varieties of client experience in psychotherapy: An analysis of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 443–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(89)90003-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Fishbane, M. D. (2007). Wired to connect: Neuroscience, relationships, and therapy. Family Process, 46, 395–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2007.00219.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Freud, S. (1923). The ego and the id. In Standard Edition, 19. London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
- Gabb, J., & Fink, J. (2015). Couple relationships in the 21st century. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137434432.0005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gehart-Brooks, D. R., & Lyle, R. R. (1999). Client and therapist perspectives of change in collaborative language systems: An interpretive ethnography. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 18, 58–77. https://doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Goldberg, A. E., & Allen, K. R. (2015). Communicating qualitative research: Some practical guideposts for scholars. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77, 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gottman, J. M. (1994). Why marriages succeed of fail? New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
- Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1988). The social psychology of marriage. In P. Noller & M. A. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Perspectives on marital interaction (pp. 181–200). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
- Gottman, J. S., & Gottman, J. M. (2015). 10 principles for doing effective couples therapy (Norton series on interpersonal neurobiology). New York: WW Norton & Company.Google Scholar
- Gottwald, C. (2015). Neurobiological perspectives on body psychotherapy. In G. Marlock & H. Weiss (Eds.), The handbook of body psychotherapy and somatic psychology (pp. 126–148). Berkley: North Atlantic Books.Google Scholar
- Gurman, A. S. (2011). Couple therapy research and the practice of couple therapy: Can we talk? Family Process, 50, 280–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2011.01360.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hawkes, L. (2003). The tango of therapy: A dancing group. Transactional Analysis Journal, 33, 288–301. https://doi.org/10.1177/036215370303300404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Heiman, J. (2007). Orgasmic disorders in women. In S. Leiblum (Ed.), Principles and practice of sex therapy (4th ed., pp. 84–123). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
- Hendrix, H. (1988). Getting the love you want: A guide for couples. New York: Holt.Google Scholar
- Johnson, S., & Zuccarini, D. (2010). Integrating sex and attachment in emotionally focused couple therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 36, 431–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2009.00155.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kessel, L. (2013). Couple therapy and relational body psychotherapy: Healing childhood wounds. Body Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy, 8, 172–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/17432979.2013.804880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kim, S. Y., Kang, H. W., Chung, Y. C., & Park, S. (2013). Empirical application of empathy enhancing program based on movement concept for married couples in conflict. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 9, 426–431. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.130056.CrossRefPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- Kimble Wrye, H. (1998). The embodiment of desire: Relinking the bodymind within the analytic dyad. In L. Aron & F. S. Anderson (Eds.), Relational perspectives on the body (pp. 97–116). Hillsdale: The Analytic Press.Google Scholar
- Kimmesa, J. G., Mallorya, A. B., Cameronb, C., & Kose, O. (2015). A treatment model for anxiety-related sexual dysfunctions using mindfulness meditation within a sex-positive framework. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 30, 286–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ma, J. L. C., & Lai, K. (2007). Perceived treatment effectiveness of family therapy for Chinese patients suffering from anorexia nervosa: A qualitative inquiry. Journal of Family Social Work, 10, 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1300/J039v10n02_04.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ogden, P., & Fisher, J. (2015). Sensorimotor psychotherapy: Interventions for trauma and attachment. New York: WW Norton & Co.Google Scholar
- Patterson, J., Gardner, B. C., Burr, B. K., Hubler, D. S., & Roberts, K. M. (2012). Nonverbal behavioral indicators of negative affect in couple interaction. Contemporary Family Therapy, 34, 11–28.. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-011-9170-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Patterson, J. E., Miller, R. B., Carnes, S., & Wilson, S. (2004). Evidence-based practice for marriage and family therapists. Journal of Marital Family Therapy, 30, 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2004.tb01233x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.Google Scholar
- Pietrzak, T., Hauke, G., & Lohr, G. (2017). Connecting couples intervention: Improving couples’ empathy and emotional regulation using embodied empathy. In G. Hauke (Ed.), European psychotherapy 2016/2017: Embodiment in psychotherapy (pp. 66–98). Norderstedt: Books on Demand.Google Scholar
- Ridley, M. (2003). Nature via nurture: Genes, experience, and what makes us human. New York: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
- Satir, V. (1972). Peoplemaking. Palo Alto: Science and Behavior Books.Google Scholar
- Schott-Billmann, F. (1994). Quand la danse guerit. Paris: imprimerie de l’Indépendant, collection La recherche en danse.Google Scholar
- Seikkula, J., Karvonen, A., Kykyri, V. L., Kaartinen, J., & Penttonen, M. (2015). The embodied attunement of therapists and a couple within dialogical psychotherapy: An introduction to the relational mind research project. Family Process, 54, 703–715. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Smith, E. R., & Semin, G. R.(2004).Socially situated cognition: Cognition in its social context. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 53–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601 Google Scholar
- Snyder, D. K., Castellani, A. M., & Whisman, M. A. (2006). Current status and future directions in couple therapy. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 317–344. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tambling, R. B. (2012). A literature review of therapeutic expectancy effects. Contemporary Family Therapy, 34, 402–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-012-9201-y.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tambling, R. B., Anderson, S. R., & Wong, A. G. (2016). Expectations about couple therapy over time. Contemporary Family Therapy, 38, 353–360.. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-016-9390-x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Watanabe-Hammond, S. (1990). Family dances and the rhythms of intimacy. Contemporary Family Therapy, 12, 327–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00890021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ylönen, M. E., & Cantell, M. H. (2009). Kinaesthetic narratives: Interpretations for children’s dance movement therapy process. Body Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy, 4, 215–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/17432970903259683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar