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Cellulose

, Volume 26, Issue 18, pp 9803–9817 | Cite as

Production of hydroxyapatite–bacterial cellulose composite scaffolds with enhanced pore diameters for bone tissue engineering applications

  • Ece Bayir
  • Eyup Bilgi
  • E. Esin Hames
  • Aylin SendemirEmail author
Original Research
First Online:
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Abstract

Bone tissue engineering scaffolds used for the treatment of bone defects are required to be osteoconductive, osteoinductive, osteogenic, biocompatible, and have enough porosity to allow osteointegration, as well as vascularization. It is known that addition of the hydroxyapatite (HAp) to bone tissue scaffolds promotes bone formation by increasing osteoconductivity. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly biocompatible material, and its mechanical properties and fibrous structure allow that it can be used as a bone tissue scaffold; yet, the nano-porous structure of BC (50–200 nm) prevents or limits cell migration and vascularization. In this study, it is intended to take advantage of the porous structure and mechanical strength of BC and osteoconductive properties of HAp for the production of tissue engineering scaffolds. Pore sizes of BC were enhanced to 275 μm by a novel shredded agar technique, and SaOs-2 cells were shown to migrate between the fibers of the modified BC. It was observed that mineralization of SaOs-2 cells was enhanced on in situ produced HAp-BC nano-composites compared to BC scaffolds.

Graphic abstract

Keywords

Bacterial cellulose Hydroxyapatite Nano-composite Porosity Bone tissue engineering scaffold 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) through COST project (113M243) and TUBITAK 2211-C Domestic Graduate Scholarship Program and Ege University Scientific Research Projects Council (13FBE008) and Republic of Turkey Ministry of Development [EGE MATAL; 2010K120810]. The authors thank Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) and Assist. Prof. Serçin Karahüseyinoğlu for the use of the confocal microscopy.

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© Springer Nature B.V. 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied ScienceEge UniversityIzmirTurkey
  2. 2.Ege University Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratories Research and Application Center (EGE-MATAL)IzmirTurkey
  3. 3.Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of EngineeringEge UniversityIzmirTurkey

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