Abstract
DNA symmetry is used to generate optimal genetic codes whose noise immunity with respect to polarity of amino acids in case of mutations in nucleotides is much greater than immunity of standard codes. Noise immunity of optimal symmetric and non-symmetric genetic codes is analyzed. Databases of genetic diseases are used to show that optimal symmetric code for which symmetry holds in every second case keeps polarity of amino acids at mutations in first and second nucleotides of codon as compared with standard code.
Keywords
genetic code symmetry in DNA mutations in nucleotides noise immunity amino acid codonPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.I. V. Sergienko, A. M. Gupal, and A. V. Ostrovskii, “Noise immunity of genetic codes to point mutations,” Cybern. Syst. Analysis, Vol. 50, No. 5, 663–669 (2014).MathSciNetCrossRefzbMATHGoogle Scholar
- 2.A. M. Gupal and I. V. Sergienko, Symmetry in DNA: Methods of Recognition of Discrete Sequences [in Russian], Naukova Dumka, Kyiv (2016).Google Scholar
- 3.M. Ycas, The Biological Code (Frontiers of Biology), American Elsevier Pub. Co. (1969).Google Scholar
- 4.B. M. Mednikov, Biology Axioms [in Russian], Znanie, Moscow (1982).Google Scholar
- 5.A. M. Gupal, N. A. Gupal, and A. V. Ostrovskiy, “Symmetry and properties of genetic information recording in DNA,” J. Autom. Inform. Sci., Vol. 43, Issue 6, 40–48 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.A. L. Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, Vol. 3 [Russian translation], Mir, Moscow (1985).Google Scholar
- 7.T. A. Brown, Genomes, Garland Sci. (1999).Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019