Effects of replacing soybean meal with cottonseed meal on growth, muscle amino acids, and hematology of juvenile common carp, Cyprinus carpio
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Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary soybean meal (SBM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) for juvenile common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Four isonitrogenous (34% crude protein) and isolipidic (6% crude lipid) diets were formulated by replacing 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of protein from SBM with protein from CSM (CSM0, CSM50, CSM75, CSM100, respectively). Each diet was assigned to triplicate tanks with 30 fish (initial body weight 4.23 ± 0.28 g) per tank, and fish were fed to apparent satiation two times a day at 08:30 and 16:00 for 56 days in a recirculating system. Results showed insignificant differences (P > 0.05) in weight gain (WG 176.66–187.29%), specific growth rate (SGR 2.26–2.35% day−1) and feed conversion rate (FCR, 1.19–1.28) among the CSM0, CSM50, and CSM75 groups. However, there were significant decreases in WG (155.96%) and SGR (2.09% day−1), and a significant increase in FCR (1.53) for the CSM100 group (P < 0.05). The essential amino acid (49.28–49.48%), total amino acid (91.55–92.04%) and flavor amino acid contents (aspartic acid 7.67–8.15%) in the muscle of fish fed CSM50 and CSM75 diets were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in comparison with those of the CSM0 (42.73%, 82.85%, and 6.37%, respectively) and CSM100 groups (44.11%, 82.85%, and 6.80%, respectively). The serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (30.38 U L−1) and glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase (337.70 U L−1) contents were significantly increased in CSM100 group (P < 0.05), whereas the glucose (5.99 mmol L−1), triglyceride (1.48 mmol L−1), and total protein (15.12 mmol L−1) contents were significantly decreased in the CSM100 group (P < 0.05). Fish fed with CSM100 had liver damage, as assessed by histopathological observations. Therefore, our findings suggested that CSM could replace up to 75% of SBM in diet and had no major negative effects on growth, feed utilization, muscle quality, hematological indices, and pathology for juvenile common carp.
Keywords
Plant protein sources Feed formulation Fillet characteristics CyprinidsAbbreviations
- SBM
Soybean meal
- CSM
Cottonseed meal
- WG
Weight gain
- SGR
Specific growth rate
- FCR
Feed conversion rate
- HSI
Hepatosomatic index
- RSI
Renal somatic index
- GPT
Glutamic pyruvic transaminase
- GOT
Glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase
- UN
Urea nitrogen
- GLU
Glucose
- TG
Triglyceride
- TP
Total protein
- EAA
Essential amino acid
- NEAA
Non-essential amino acid
- FAA
Flavor amino acid
- TAA
Total amino acid
Notes
Funding information
This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (grant no. 2018CFB131) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant no. 2042017kf0031).
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.
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