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Les hypercalcémies malignes: étude rétrospective sur 150 patients

Cancer-associated hypercalcemia: Retrospective study of 150 patients

  • Article Original / Original Article
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Oncologie

Résumé

Introduction

Une hypercalcémie est fréquemment retrouvée chez les patients atteints de cancer. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’épidémiologie et les critères pronostiques des hypercalcémies d’origine tumorale sur une large série de patients atteints de cancer.

Méthodes

Étude monocentrique rétrospective sur une période de dix ans dans un centre privé portant sur 150 patients tous atteints de cancer et présentant une hypercalcémie. Ont été colligés les symptômes, l’histologie et le site primitif du cancer, le diagnostic étiologique de l’hypercalcémie, le taux de calcémie (supérieur ou non à 3 mmol/l), la présence ou non de métastases osseuses, les autres sites métastatiques, le délai entre la première métastase et l’apparition de l’hypercalcémie, les taux de créatininémie, les symptômes, les traitements spécifiques du cancer, les traitements de l’hypercalcémie et la survie globale à partir du diagnostic d’hypercalcémie.

Résultats

Les symptômes les plus souvent décrits étaient neurologiques allant de la confusion au coma. Trois cas d’hypercalcémie n’étaient pas liés au cancer. Les cancers les plus fréquents étaient le cancer du poumon, le cancer du sein, les carcinomes ORL, les carcinomes de primitif inconnu, les tumeurs hématologiques, les cancers du rein et des voies urinaires. Les métastases osseuses étaient retrouvées uniquement dans 50 % des tumeurs solides, le plus souvent en cas de cancer du sein ou du rein et plus rarement en cas de cancer de primitif inconnu et de cancer ORL. Le type histologique épidermoïde était retrouvé dans 58 cas. La majorité des patients avaient reçu une hydratation et du zolédronate. Seulement 45 patients ont pu recevoir un traitement spécifique de leur cancer. La survie globale à partir du diagnostic d’hypercalcémie de ces patients atteints d’une tumeur solide était de 36,7 jours (1–285). Les 11 patients encore en vie trois mois après le diagnostic d’hypercalcémie avaient tous bénéficié d’un traitement spécifique.

Conclusion

Les facteurs de moins bon pronostic sont, dans cette étude, une calcémie élevée, l’absence de métastase osseuse et l’absence de traitement spécifique. L’hypercalcémie d’origine tumorale reste en 2013 de très mauvais pronostic.

Abstract

Introduction

We conducted a monocentric and retrospective study over a ten-year period, and evaluated 150 consecutive patients with cancer-associated hypercalcemia.

Methods

Clinical characteristics were reported: symptoms, histology, primary site of cancer, type of cancer, level of calcemia, presence of bone metastases, different sites of metastases, delay between first metastasis and diagnosis of hypercalcemia, creatinin level, specific treatment of cancer, treatment of hypercalcemia, and overall survival at the date of hypercalcemia.

Results

Central nervous system symptoms were the most frequent (confusion to coma). Three cases of hypercalcemia were not due to cancer. Hypercalcemia occurred most often in patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, oral cancer, carcinoma of unknown primary site, hematologic tumor, renal cancer, and urothelial tract cancer. Half of the patients with solid tumor had bone metastases, mostly in case of breast and renal cancer, less frequently in carcinoma of unknown primary site and oral cancer. Epidermoid histology was found in 58 patients. The majority of the patients received hydration and zoledronate. Only 45 patients received a causal treatment for their cancer. Median survival after diagnosis of hypercalcemia in solid tumor patients was 36.7 days (1–285). All the 11 patients who had the causal treatment were alive after 3 months.

Conclusion

The prognostic factors in this study were the initial calcium level, the absence of body metastases and the possibility of causal treatment. The prognosis of cancer-associated hypercalcemia is very poor still in 2013.

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Correspondence to A. Lortholary.

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Lortholary, A., El Kouri, C., Ramée, J.F. et al. Les hypercalcémies malignes: étude rétrospective sur 150 patients. Oncologie 16, 211–216 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10269-014-2385-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10269-014-2385-z

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