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Expressing class I wheat NHX (TaNHX2) gene in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) improves plant performance under saline condition

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Abstract

Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous edible crop, and salt stress adversely affects its growth, development, and overall productivity. To cope with excess salinity, vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporters provide the best mechanism for ionic homeostasis in plants under salt stress. We generated transgenic eggplants by introducing wheat TaNHX2 gene that encodes a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter in to the eggplant genome via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using pBin438 vector that harbors double35S:TaNHX2 to confer salinity tolerance. Polymerase chain reaction and southern hybridization confirmed the presence and integration of TaNHX2 gene in T1 transgenic plants. Southern positive transgenic eggplants showed varied levels of TaNHX2 transcripts as evident by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Stress-inducible expression of TaNHX2 significantly improved growth performance and Na+ and K+ contents from leaf and roots tissues of T2 transgenic eggplants under salt stress, compared to non-transformed plants. Furthermore, T2 transgenic eggplants displayed the stable leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content, proline accumulation, improved photosynthetic efficiency, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity than the non-transformed plants under salinity stress (200 mM NaCl). Data showed that the T2 transgenic lines revealed that reduction in MDA content, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen radical production associated with the significant increase of antioxidant enzyme activity in transgenic eggplants than non-transformed plants under salt stress (200 mM NaCl). This study suggested that the TaNHX2 gene plays an important regulatory role in conferring salinity tolerance of transgenic eggplant and thus may serve as a useful candidate gene for improving salinity tolerance in other vegetable crops.

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Abbreviations

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription PCR

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time PCR

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

GPX:

Guaiacol peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge the Head, Department of Plant Sciences for access to the research facilities provided by DST-FIST, DBT-CREBB, and UGC-SAP to the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad. The authors are thankful to Prof. Shouyi Chen and Prof. Jinsong Zhang, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS, Beijing for generous offer of the plasmid used in this study. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments in improving the manuscript.

Funding

The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India provided fund and fellowship under Young Scientist Scheme (SB/FT/LS-445/2012).

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  1. Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500046, India

    Rajesh Yarra & P. B. Kirti

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  1. Rajesh Yarra
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RY and PBK conceived the experiment. RY performed the experiment. RY and PBK analyzed the data. RY and PBK wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rajesh Yarra.

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Yarra, R., Kirti, P.B. Expressing class I wheat NHX (TaNHX2) gene in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) improves plant performance under saline condition. Funct Integr Genomics 19, 541–554 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-019-00656-5

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