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An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with group A Rotavirus in long-term care facility in Slovenia

Ausbruch einer akuten – mit A Rotavirus assoziierten – Gastroenteritis in einer Langzeitpflegeeinrichtung in Slowenien

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Summary

Background

In April 2013, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was reported in a residential long-term care facility (LTCF) in Ljubljana. We carried out an outbreak investigation to describe the outbreak, identify factors associated with contracting infection and to recommend control measures.

Methods

We conducted descriptive epidemiology of the outbreak and a case-control study among residents; a case was a resident or staff member of the LTCF with acute diarrhoea and at least one of the following symptoms: fever, vomiting, nausea, fatigue, headache and abdominal pain between 11 and 23 April 2013. Controls had no gastrointestinal symptoms during the outbreak period. Stool specimens were tested for enteric pathogens, including Rotavirus.

Results

Of 244, 33 (13.5 %) and 4 of 106 staff (3.8 %) were affected. Twenty-eight (84.8 %; median age 85 years; range 71–95 years) among affected residents and four (100 %; median age 35 years; range 30–45 years) among affected staff were women. The main symptoms besides acute diarrhoea were fatigue (54.1 %) and nausea (45.9 %). The average duration of gastroenteritis symptoms was 3.6 days in residents and 1.3 days in staff. None of the affected persons was hospitalized. Rotavirus group A was detected in a single stool specimen. In the multivariable analysis, being ambulant (aOR = 12.3; 95 % CI: 1.14–133.1), and having more than two comorbidities (aOR = 4.7; 95 % CI: 1.14–19.0) were significantly associated with acute gastroenterocolitis.

Conclusions

Contact precautions of affected persons and controlled staff interactions between outbreak ward and unaffected ward are recommended in times of outbreak, with additional effort in targeting mobile residents and those with comorbidities.

Zusammenfassung

Grundlagen

Im April 2013 wurde ein Ausbruch von akuter Gastroenteritis in einer Langzeitpflege-Residenz in Ljubljana bekannt. Wir führten eine Untersuchung dieses Ausbruchs durch, um ihn zu beschreiben, um die Faktoren, die mit dem Erwerb der Infektion im Zusammenhang stehen zu identifizieren, und um Empfehlungen für Kontrollmaßnahmen zu erarbeiten.

Methoden

Wir führten eine deskriptive Epidemiologie des Ausbruchs und eine Fall-Kontrollstudie unter den Bewohnern des Residenzheims durch. Ein Fall war entweder ein Bewohner oder ein Angestellter des Residenzheims und musste folgende Kriterien erfüllen: akute Diarrhoe und zumindest eines der folgenden Symptome: Fieber, Erbrechen, Übelkeit, Müdigkeit, Kopfweh und Abdominalschmerzen zwischen 11. und 23. April 2013. Die Kontrollen hatten im Zeitraum des Ausbruchs keinerlei gastrointestinale Symptome. Stuhlproben wurden auf pathogene Darmkeime inklusive Rotaviren untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Bei 33 von 244 (13,5 %) Residenzbewohnern bzw. bei 4 von 106 (3,8 %) Angestellten trat die Erkrankung ein. Von den infizierten Bewohnern waren 28 (84,8 %) Frauen (mittleres Alter 85 Jahre; Bereich: 71–95 Jahre). Bei den 4 infizierten Angestellten handelte es sich durchwegs um Frauen (mittleres Alter 35; Bereich: 30–45 Jahre). Abgesehen vom Durchfall war Müdigkeit (54,1 %) und Übelkeit (45,9 %) das Hauptsymptom. Die durchschnittliche Dauer der gastrointestinalen Symptome war 3,6 Tage bei den Residenzbewohnern und 1,3 Tage bei den Angestellten. Keine der befallenen Personen wurde hospitalisiert. In der Multivarianzanalyse war die Gehfähigkeit (aOR = 12,3; 95 % CI: 1,14–133,1) und der Umstand, mehr als 2 Begleiterkrankungen zu haben (aOR = 4,7; 95 % CI: 1,14–19,0), signifikant mit der akuten Gastroenteritis assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerungen

Vorsichtsmaßnahmen im Kontakt mit betroffenen Personen und kontrollierte Interaktionen zwischen den Angestellten mit Infektion und denen ohne werden empfohlen. Besonders hingewiesen wird darauf, dass mobile Residenzheim-Bewohner und solche mit mehr als zwei Begleiterkrankungen besonders gefährdet sind.

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The authors declare that there are no actual or potential conflicts of interest in relation to this article.

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Correspondence to Maja Šubelj MD, PhD.

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Šubelj, M., Učakar, V. An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis associated with group A Rotavirus in long-term care facility in Slovenia. Wien Klin Wochenschr 127, 415–420 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-014-0672-8

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