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Cell and Tissue Research

, Volume 375, Issue 2, pp 383–396 | Cite as

Guided evaluation and standardisation of mesenchymal stem cell culture conditions to generate conditioned medium favourable to cardiac c-kit cell growth

  • Wai Hoe Ng
  • Mimi Zulaikha Umar Fuaad
  • Siti Maisura Azmi
  • Yin Yee Leong
  • Yoke Keong Yong
  • Angela Min Hwei Ng
  • Jun Jie TanEmail author
Regular Article
First Online:

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to secrete cardioprotective paracrine factors that can potentially activate endogenous cardiac c-kit cells (CCs). This study aims to optimise MSC growth conditions and medium formulation for generating the conditioned medium (CdM) to facilitate CC growth and expansion in vitro. The quality of MSC-CdM after optimisation of seeding density during MSC stabilisation and medium formulation used during MSC stimulation including glucose, ascorbic acid, serum and oxygen levels and the effects of treatment concentration and repeated CdM harvesting were assessed based on CC viability in vitro under growth factor- and serum-deprived condition. Our data showed that functional CdM can be produced from MSCs with a density of 20,000 cells/cm2, which were stimulated using high glucose (25 mM), ascorbic acid supplemented, serum-free medium under normoxic condition. The generated CdM, when applied to growth factor- and serum-deprived medium at 1:1 ratio, improved CC viability, migration and proliferation in vitro. Such an effect could further be augmented by generating CdM concentrates without compromising CC gene and protein expressions, while retaining its capability to undergo differentiation to form endothelial, smooth muscle and cardiomyocytes. Nevertheless, CdM could not be repeatedly harvested from the same MSC culture, as the protein content and its effect on CC viability deteriorated after the first harvest. In conclusion, this study provides a proof-of-concept strategy to standardise the production of CdM from MSCs based on rapid, stepwise assessment of CC viability, thus enabling production of CdM favourable to CC growth for in vitro or clinical applications.

Keywords

Conditioned medium Cardiac cells Mesenchymal stem cells Cytoprotective Paracrine factors 
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Notes

Funding

This project was supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia Short Term Grant (304.CIPPT.6312101) and Research University Grant (Individual: 1001.CIPPT.811226).

Compliance with ethical standards

C57/BL6N mice were obtained via Universiti Sains Malaysia Animal Research and Service Centre (ARASC). All C57/BL6N mice were sacrificed at 4–6 weeks old. C-kit cardiac cells and bone marrow cells were isolated in accordance with procedures reviewed and approved by the USM Animal Ethics Committee [USM/Animal Ethics Approval/2011/(74)(387)].

Conflict of interest

JJT received a research grant from CryoCord Sdn Bhd. All funders have no role in conceiving, designing experiments or analysing data from this project. Others declare no conflict of interest.

Supplementary material

441_2018_2918_MOESM1_ESM.docx (13 kb)
ESM 1 (DOCX 12 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • Wai Hoe Ng
    • 1
  • Mimi Zulaikha Umar Fuaad
    • 1
  • Siti Maisura Azmi
    • 1
  • Yin Yee Leong
    • 1
  • Yoke Keong Yong
    • 2
  • Angela Min Hwei Ng
    • 3
  • Jun Jie Tan
    • 1
    Email author
  1. 1.Advanced Medical and Dental InstituteUniversiti Sains MalaysiaKepala BatasMalaysia
  2. 2.Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
  3. 3.Tissue Engineering CentreUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreJalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala LumpurMalaysia

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