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Syndromes that predispose to epistaxis

  • Anasuya GuhaEmail author
  • Petr Schalek
  • Martin Chovanec
Review
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Abstract

Purpose

Our aim was to evaluate if epistaxis is directly associated with the etiology or pathophysiological mechanism which results in the syndrome itself or arises as a secondary effect.

Methods

We performed an extensive literature review of the web-based PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine to ascertain syndromes related to this condition. Etiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, occurrence, clinical features and management were noted for each of these syndromes.

Results

Epistaxis is commonly seen in syndromes that are usually directly related to vascular abnormalities or coagulation defects. However, in some cases, it is not.

Discussion and conclusion

Since a number of these syndromes are rare and elaborate tests are not carried out in the absence of a positive family history or until other specific clinical features appear, a risk of underdiagnosis and the dilemma of whether epistaxis is specifically related to the syndrome or a secondary effect still remains.

Keywords

Epistaxis Syndrome Genetic disorder Bleeding diathesis HHT 
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Notes

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

Research involving human participants and/or animals

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Otorhinolaryngology3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic

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